@inproceedings{3cbecceb4c474a7686e4762ce7f4e829,
title = "WIYN bench upgrade: A revitalized spectrograph",
abstract = "We describe the redesign and upgrade of the versatile fiber-fed Bench Spectrograph on the WIYN 3.5m telescope. The spectrograph is fed by either the Hydra multi-object positioner or integral-field units (IFUs) at two other ports, and can be configured with an adjustable camera-collimator angle to use low-order and echelle gratings. The upgrade, including a new collimator, charge-coupled device (CCD) and modern controller, and volume-phase holographic gratings (VPHG), has high performance-to-cost ratio by combining new technology with a system reconfiguration that optimizes throughput while utilizing as much of the existing instrument as possible. A faster, all-refractive collimator enhances throughput by 60%, nearly eliminates the slit-function due to vignetting, and improves image quality to maintain instrumental resolution. Two VPH gratings deliver twice the diffraction efficiency of existing surface-relief gratings: A 740 l/mm grating (float-glass and post-polished) used in 1st and 2nd-order, and a large 3300 l/mm grating (spectral resolution comparable to the R2 echelle). The combination of collimator, high-quantum efficiency (QE) CCD, and VPH gratings yields throughput gain-factors of up to 3.5.",
keywords = "CCD performance, Fiber-fed spectrograph design, Volume phase holographic grating",
author = "M. Bershady and S. Bardenb and Blanche, {P. A.} and D. Blancod and C. Corsond and S. Crawford and J. Glaspey and S. Habraken and G. Jacoby and J. Keyes and P. Knezek and P. Lemaire and M. Liang and E. McDougall and G. Poczulp and D. Sawyer and K. Westfall and D. Willmarth",
year = "2008",
doi = "10.1117/12.789112",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "9780819472243",
series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",
booktitle = "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy II",
note = "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy II ; Conference date: 23-06-2008 Through 28-06-2008",
}