TY - JOUR
T1 - Wearable sensors
T2 - Modalities, challenges, and prospects
AU - Heikenfeld, J.
AU - Jajack, A.
AU - Rogers, J.
AU - Gutruf, P.
AU - Tian, L.
AU - Pan, T.
AU - Li, R.
AU - Khine, M.
AU - Kim, J.
AU - Wang, J.
AU - Kim, J.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors at the Univ. of Cincinnati acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation and the industrial members of the Center for Advanced Design and Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (NSF I/UCRC award number IIP-1362048), the Air Force Research Labs Award #USAF contract #FA8650-15-C-6625, and the NSF EPDT Award #1608275. Joseph Wang is supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (HDTRA 1-16-1-0013) and the UCSD Center for Wearable Sensors (CWS). John Rogers acknowledges support from the Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson/Querrey Institute, Northwestern University. Limei Tian acknowledges the support from Beckman Institute Postdoctoral Fellowship at UIUC. Tingrui Pan acknowledges support from the Superfund Research Program at UC Davis and NIH Award (2P42ES004699). Funding support for Michelle Khine has not been disclosed.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
PY - 2018/1/21
Y1 - 2018/1/21
N2 - Wearable sensors have recently seen a large increase in both research and commercialization. However, success in wearable sensors has been a mix of both progress and setbacks. Most of commercial progress has been in smart adaptation of existing mechanical, electrical and optical methods of measuring the body. This adaptation has involved innovations in how to miniaturize sensing technologies, how to make them conformal and flexible, and in the development of companion software that increases the value of the measured data. However, chemical sensing modalities have experienced greater challenges in commercial adoption, especially for non-invasive chemical sensors. There have also been significant challenges in making significant fundamental improvements to existing mechanical, electrical, and optical sensing modalities, especially in improving their specificity of detection. Many of these challenges can be understood by appreciating the body's surface (skin) as more of an information barrier than as an information source. With a deeper understanding of the fundamental challenges faced for wearable sensors and of the state-of-the-art for wearable sensor technology, the roadmap becomes clearer for creating the next generation of innovations and breakthroughs.
AB - Wearable sensors have recently seen a large increase in both research and commercialization. However, success in wearable sensors has been a mix of both progress and setbacks. Most of commercial progress has been in smart adaptation of existing mechanical, electrical and optical methods of measuring the body. This adaptation has involved innovations in how to miniaturize sensing technologies, how to make them conformal and flexible, and in the development of companion software that increases the value of the measured data. However, chemical sensing modalities have experienced greater challenges in commercial adoption, especially for non-invasive chemical sensors. There have also been significant challenges in making significant fundamental improvements to existing mechanical, electrical, and optical sensing modalities, especially in improving their specificity of detection. Many of these challenges can be understood by appreciating the body's surface (skin) as more of an information barrier than as an information source. With a deeper understanding of the fundamental challenges faced for wearable sensors and of the state-of-the-art for wearable sensor technology, the roadmap becomes clearer for creating the next generation of innovations and breakthroughs.
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U2 - 10.1039/c7lc00914c
DO - 10.1039/c7lc00914c
M3 - Review article
C2 - 29182185
AN - SCOPUS:85040983183
VL - 18
SP - 217
EP - 248
JO - Lab on a Chip - Miniaturisation for Chemistry and Biology
JF - Lab on a Chip - Miniaturisation for Chemistry and Biology
SN - 1473-0197
IS - 2
ER -