@article{96f48894b54f4428b4f7688f67dc3bb2,
title = "Water Transactions for Streamflow Restoration, Water Supply Reliability, and Rural Economic Vitality in the Western United States",
abstract = "Across the western United States, environmental water transaction programs (EWTPs) restore environmental flows by acquiring water rights and incentivizing changes in water management. These programs have evolved over several decades, expanding from relatively simple two-party transactions to multiobjective deals that simultaneously benefit the environment and multiple water-using sectors. Such programs now represent an important water management tool and provide an impetus for collaboration among stakeholders; yet, most evaluations of their effectiveness focus exclusively on environmental outcomes, without adequate attention to impacts on other water users or local economies. To understand how these programs affect stakeholders, a systematic, multiobjective evaluation framework is needed. To meet this need, we developed a suite of environmental and socioeconomic indicators that can guide the design and track the implementation of water transaction portfolios, and we applied them to existing EWTPs in Oregon and Nevada. Application of the indicators quantifies impacts and helps practitioners design water transaction portfolios that avoid unintended consequences and generate mutually beneficial outcomes among environmental, agricultural, and municipal interests.",
keywords = "environmental flows, environmental indicators, sustainability, water allocation, water markets, water scarcity economics",
author = "Eloise Kendy and Bruce Aylward and Ziemer, {Laura S.} and Richter, {Brian D.} and Colby, {Bonnie G.} and Grantham, {Theodore E.} and Leslie Sanchez and Dicharry, {Will B.} and Powell, {Emily M.} and Season Martin and Culp, {Peter W.} and Szeptycki, {Leon F.} and Kappel, {Carrie V.}",
note = "Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge the following water transaction practitioners for their participation in developing and applying the evaluation framework, although we could not summarize all of their case studies here: Tim Davis, Lain Leoniak, and Deborah Stephenson (Gallatin River, Montana); Nancy Smith, Bryan McFa-din, and Jennifer Carah (Navarro River, California); Mark David-son and Dayna Gross (Wood River, Idaho); David Yardas (Walker River, Nevada); as well as Andrew Purkey, Ron Nelson, and Clay Landry. We also thank Julien Brun for helping with data management, Catherine Petersen for formatting figures, and Rachel O{\textquoteright}-nor for drafting maps. Finally, we extend gratitude to three anonymous peers, whose reviews greatly improved this paper. This research was conducted by the Water Sharing expert working group supported by Science for Nature and People Partnership (SNAPP), a partnership of The Nature Conservancy, the Wildlife Conservation Society, and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 The Nature Conservancy. Journal of the American Water Resources Association published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Water Resources Association.",
year = "2018",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1111/1752-1688.12619",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "54",
pages = "487--504",
journal = "Journal of the American Water Resources Association",
issn = "1093-474X",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "2",
}