TY - JOUR
T1 - Water Recovery from Advanced Water Purification Facility Reverse Osmosis Concentrate by Photobiological Treatment Followed by Secondary Reverse Osmosis
AU - Ikehata, Keisuke
AU - Zhao, Yuanyuan
AU - Kulkarni, Harshad V.
AU - Li, Yuan
AU - Snyder, Shane A.
AU - Ishida, Kenneth P.
AU - Anderson, Michael A.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Ms. Jana Safarik and Dr. Megan H. Plumlee from the OCWD (Fountain Valley, CA) for RO concentrate samples, as well as for valuable technical information and suggestions. The technical assistance of Mr. Andrew T. Komor, Mr. Steve Sanchez and Mr. Thomas Mihara from Pacific Advanced Civil Engineering (Fountain Valley, CA) is also gratefully acknowledged. We also thank Mr. Nima Maleky and Ms. Jingshu Ma from Pacific Advanced Civil Engineering Inc. for their contributions to the project in earlier phases. We would also like to thank Dr. Christiane Hoppe-Jones and Mr. Kevin Daniels at the University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) for their assistance on the LC-MS/MS analyses of PPCPs. The materials presented in this article are based on the work supported by the National Science Foundation under the Small Business Innovation Research Program (Award 1648495 K.I.). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Ms. Jana Safarik and Dr. Megan H. Plumlee from the OCWD (Fountain Valley, CA) for RO concentrate samples, as well as for valuable technical information and suggestions. The technical assistance of Mr. Andrew T. Komor, Mr. Steve Sanchez, and Mr. Thomas Mihara from Pacific Advanced Civil Engineering (Fountain Valley, CA) is also gratefully acknowledged. We also thank Mr. Nima Maleky and Ms. Jingshu Ma from Pacific Advanced Civil Engineering, Inc. for their contributions to the project in earlier phases. We would also like to thank Dr. Christiane Hoppe-Jones and Mr. Kevin Daniels at the University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) for their assistance on the LC-MS/MS analyses of PPCPs. The materials presented in this article are based on the work supported by the National Science Foundation under the Small Business Innovation Research Program (Award 1648495, K.I.). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2018/8/7
Y1 - 2018/8/7
N2 - Reverse osmosis (RO)-based desalination and advanced water purification facilities have inherent challenges associated with concentrate management and disposal. Although enhanced permeate recovery and concentrate minimization are desired, membrane scaling due to inorganic constituents, such as silica, calcium, phosphate, and iron, hinders the process. To solve this problem, a new diatom-based photobiological process has been developed to remove these scaling constituents by biological uptake and precipitation. In this study, RO concentrate samples were collected from a full-scale advanced water reclamation facility in California and were treated in 3.8 and 57 L photobioreactors inoculated with a brackish water diatom Pseudostaurosira trainorii PEWL001 using light-emitting diode bulbs or natural sunlight as a light source. The photobiological treatment removed 95% of reactive silica and 64% of calcium and enabled additional water recovery using a secondary RO at a recovery rate up to 66%. This represents 95% overall recovery, including 85% recovery in the primary RO unit. In addition to the scaling constituents, the photobiological treatment removed 12 pharmaceuticals and personal care products, as well as N-nitrosodimethylamine, from RO concentrate samples primarily via photolysis. This novel approach has a strong potential for application to brackish water desalination and advanced water purification in arid and semiarid areas.
AB - Reverse osmosis (RO)-based desalination and advanced water purification facilities have inherent challenges associated with concentrate management and disposal. Although enhanced permeate recovery and concentrate minimization are desired, membrane scaling due to inorganic constituents, such as silica, calcium, phosphate, and iron, hinders the process. To solve this problem, a new diatom-based photobiological process has been developed to remove these scaling constituents by biological uptake and precipitation. In this study, RO concentrate samples were collected from a full-scale advanced water reclamation facility in California and were treated in 3.8 and 57 L photobioreactors inoculated with a brackish water diatom Pseudostaurosira trainorii PEWL001 using light-emitting diode bulbs or natural sunlight as a light source. The photobiological treatment removed 95% of reactive silica and 64% of calcium and enabled additional water recovery using a secondary RO at a recovery rate up to 66%. This represents 95% overall recovery, including 85% recovery in the primary RO unit. In addition to the scaling constituents, the photobiological treatment removed 12 pharmaceuticals and personal care products, as well as N-nitrosodimethylamine, from RO concentrate samples primarily via photolysis. This novel approach has a strong potential for application to brackish water desalination and advanced water purification in arid and semiarid areas.
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U2 - 10.1021/acs.est.8b00951
DO - 10.1021/acs.est.8b00951
M3 - Article
C2 - 29916696
AN - SCOPUS:85048872546
SN - 0013-936X
VL - 52
SP - 8588
EP - 8595
JO - Environmental Science and Technology
JF - Environmental Science and Technology
IS - 15
ER -