TY - JOUR
T1 - Water-medium and solvent-free organic reactions over a bifunctional catalyst with Au nanoparticles covalently bonded to HS/SO 3H functionalized periodic mesoporous organosilica
AU - Zhu, Feng Xia
AU - Wang, Wei
AU - Li, He Xing
PY - 2011/8/3
Y1 - 2011/8/3
N2 - An operationally simple approach for the preparation of a new class of bifunctional Au nanoparticle-acid catalysts has been developed. In situ reduction of Au 3+ with HS-functionalized periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) creates robust, fine Au nanoparticles and concomitantly produces a sulfonic acid moiety strongly bonded to PMOs. Characterizations of the nanostructures reveal that Au nanoparticles are formed with uniformed, narrow size distribution around 1-2 nm, which is very critical for essential catalytic activities. Moreover, the Au nanoparticles are mainly attached onto the pore surface rather than onto the outer surface with ordered mesoporous channels, allowing for maximal exposure to reaction substrates while minimizing Au nanoparticle leaching. Their higher S BET, V P, and D P than either the Au-HS-PMO(Et) or the Au/SO 3H-PMO(Et) render the catalyst with comparably even higher catalytic efficiency than its homogeneous counterparts. Furthermore, the unique amphiphilic compartment of the Au-HS/SO 3H-PMO(Et) nanostructures enables organic reactions to proceed efficiently in a pure aqueous solution without using any organic solvents or even without water. As demonstrated experimentally, remarkably, the unique bifunctional Au-HS/SO 3H-PMO(Et) catalyst displays higher efficiencies in promoting water-medium alkyne hydration, intramolecular hydroamination, styrene oxidation, and three-component coupling reactions and even the solvent-free alkyne hydration process than its homogeneous catalysts. The robust catalyst can be easily recycled and used repetitively at least 10 times without loss of catalytic efficiency. These features render the catalyst particularly attractive in the practice of organic synthesis in an environmentally friendly manner.
AB - An operationally simple approach for the preparation of a new class of bifunctional Au nanoparticle-acid catalysts has been developed. In situ reduction of Au 3+ with HS-functionalized periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) creates robust, fine Au nanoparticles and concomitantly produces a sulfonic acid moiety strongly bonded to PMOs. Characterizations of the nanostructures reveal that Au nanoparticles are formed with uniformed, narrow size distribution around 1-2 nm, which is very critical for essential catalytic activities. Moreover, the Au nanoparticles are mainly attached onto the pore surface rather than onto the outer surface with ordered mesoporous channels, allowing for maximal exposure to reaction substrates while minimizing Au nanoparticle leaching. Their higher S BET, V P, and D P than either the Au-HS-PMO(Et) or the Au/SO 3H-PMO(Et) render the catalyst with comparably even higher catalytic efficiency than its homogeneous counterparts. Furthermore, the unique amphiphilic compartment of the Au-HS/SO 3H-PMO(Et) nanostructures enables organic reactions to proceed efficiently in a pure aqueous solution without using any organic solvents or even without water. As demonstrated experimentally, remarkably, the unique bifunctional Au-HS/SO 3H-PMO(Et) catalyst displays higher efficiencies in promoting water-medium alkyne hydration, intramolecular hydroamination, styrene oxidation, and three-component coupling reactions and even the solvent-free alkyne hydration process than its homogeneous catalysts. The robust catalyst can be easily recycled and used repetitively at least 10 times without loss of catalytic efficiency. These features render the catalyst particularly attractive in the practice of organic synthesis in an environmentally friendly manner.
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U2 - 10.1021/ja203450g
DO - 10.1021/ja203450g
M3 - Article
C2 - 21707062
AN - SCOPUS:79960866845
SN - 0002-7863
VL - 133
SP - 11632
EP - 11640
JO - Journal of the American Chemical Society
JF - Journal of the American Chemical Society
IS - 30
ER -