TY - JOUR
T1 - Venom variability and envenoming severity outcomes of the Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus (Mojave rattlesnake) from Southern Arizona
AU - Massey, Daniel J.
AU - Calvete, Juan J.
AU - Sánchez, Elda E.
AU - Sanz, Libia
AU - Richards, Kelvin
AU - Curtis, Ryan
AU - Boesen, Keith
N1 - Funding Information:
The proteomic analyses have been financed by grant BFU2010-17373 from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innnovación (Madrid, Spain) (to JJC). Biological assays were financed by the NIH/NCRR Viper Resource Grant (Texas A&M University-Kingsville) #5 P40 RR018300-09 . All other research was not funded in any way. Special thanks to Marty Pagel of the University of Arizona Cancer Center for the laboratory assistance, Marian Slack of the University of Arizona College of Pharmacy for statistics assistance, Green Valley and Picture Rocks Fire Departments, Marc Hammond of Animal Experts, and Barney Tomberlin for assistance with seven collected C. s. scutulatus rattlesnakes, Mark Hockmuller curator of the NNTRC for proper snake handling techniques, Melanie Massey for assistance in venom extraction, and Jude McNally of Rare Disease Therapeutics for his knowledge and expertise in rattlesnake envenomations.
PY - 2012/5/17
Y1 - 2012/5/17
N2 - Twenty-one Mojave rattlesnakes, Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus (C. s. scutulatus), were collected from Arizona and New Mexico U.S.A. Venom proteome of each specimen was analyzed using reverse-phase HPLC and SDS-PAGE. The toxicity of venoms was analyzed using lethal dose 50 (LD 50). Health severity outcomes between two Arizona counties U.S.A., Pima and Cochise, were determined by retrospective chart review of the Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center (APDIC) database between the years of 2002 and 2009. Six phenotypes (A-F) were identified based on three venom protein families; Mojave toxin, snake venom metalloproteinases PI and PIII (SVMP), and myotoxin-A. Venom changed geographically from SVMP-rich to Mojave toxin-rich phenotypes as you move from south central to southeastern Arizona. Phenotypes containing myotoxin-A were only found in the transitional zone between the SVMP and Mojave toxin phenotypes. Venom samples containing the largest amounts of SVMP or Mojave toxin had the highest and lowest LD 50s, respectively. There was a significant difference when comparing the presence of neurotoxic effects between Pima and Cochise counties (p=0.001). No significant difference was found when comparing severity (p=0.32), number of antivenom vials administered (p=0.17), days spent in a health care facility (p=0.23) or envenomation per 100,000 population (p=0.06). Although not part of the original data to be collected, death and intubations, were also noted. There is a 10× increased risk of death and a 50× increased risk of intubations if envenomated in Cochise County.
AB - Twenty-one Mojave rattlesnakes, Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus (C. s. scutulatus), were collected from Arizona and New Mexico U.S.A. Venom proteome of each specimen was analyzed using reverse-phase HPLC and SDS-PAGE. The toxicity of venoms was analyzed using lethal dose 50 (LD 50). Health severity outcomes between two Arizona counties U.S.A., Pima and Cochise, were determined by retrospective chart review of the Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center (APDIC) database between the years of 2002 and 2009. Six phenotypes (A-F) were identified based on three venom protein families; Mojave toxin, snake venom metalloproteinases PI and PIII (SVMP), and myotoxin-A. Venom changed geographically from SVMP-rich to Mojave toxin-rich phenotypes as you move from south central to southeastern Arizona. Phenotypes containing myotoxin-A were only found in the transitional zone between the SVMP and Mojave toxin phenotypes. Venom samples containing the largest amounts of SVMP or Mojave toxin had the highest and lowest LD 50s, respectively. There was a significant difference when comparing the presence of neurotoxic effects between Pima and Cochise counties (p=0.001). No significant difference was found when comparing severity (p=0.32), number of antivenom vials administered (p=0.17), days spent in a health care facility (p=0.23) or envenomation per 100,000 population (p=0.06). Although not part of the original data to be collected, death and intubations, were also noted. There is a 10× increased risk of death and a 50× increased risk of intubations if envenomated in Cochise County.
KW - Crotalus scutulatus
KW - Geographic venom variability
KW - Mojave rattlesnake
KW - Snake envenoming
KW - Snake venom
KW - Venomics
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84860424434&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.02.035
DO - 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.02.035
M3 - Article
C2 - 22446891
AN - SCOPUS:84860424434
SN - 1874-3919
VL - 75
SP - 2576
EP - 2587
JO - Journal of Proteomics
JF - Journal of Proteomics
IS - 9
ER -