TY - JOUR
T1 - Variations in Bacterial Communities and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Across Diverse Recycled and Surface Water Irrigation Sources in the Mid-Atlantic and Southwest United States
T2 - A CONSERVE Two-Year Field Study
AU - Malayil, Leena
AU - Ramachandran, Padmini
AU - Chattopadhyay, Suhana
AU - Allard, Sarah M.
AU - Bui, Anthony
AU - Butron, Jicell
AU - Callahan, Mary Theresa
AU - Craddock, Hillary A.
AU - Murray, Rianna
AU - East, Cheryl
AU - Sharma, Manan
AU - Kniel, Kalmia
AU - Micallef, Shirley
AU - Hashem, Fawzy
AU - Gerba, Charles P.
AU - Ravishankar, Sadhana
AU - Parveen, Salina
AU - May, Eric
AU - Handy, Eric
AU - Kulkarni, Prachi
AU - Anderson-Coughlin, Brienna
AU - Craighead, Shani
AU - Gartley, Samantha
AU - Vanore, Adam
AU - Duncan, Rico
AU - Foust, Derek
AU - Haymaker, Joseph
AU - Betancourt, Walter
AU - Zhu, Libin
AU - Mongodin, Emmanuel F.
AU - Sapkota, Amir
AU - Pop, Mihai
AU - Sapkota, Amy R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2022/11/1
Y1 - 2022/11/1
N2 - Reduced availability of agricultural water has spurred increased interest in using recycled irrigation water for U.S. food crop production. However, there are significant knowledge gaps concerning the microbiological quality of these water sources. To address these gaps, we used 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing to characterize taxonomic and functional variations (e.g., antimicrobial resistance) in bacterial communities across diverse recycled and surface water irrigation sources. We collected 1 L water samples (n = 410) between 2016 and 2018 from the Mid-Atlantic (12 sites) and Southwest (10 sites) U.S. Samples were filtered, and DNA was extracted. The V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were then PCR amplified and sequenced. Metagenomic sequencing was also performed to characterize antibiotic, metal, and biocide resistance genes. Bacterial alpha and beta diversities were significantly different (p < 0.001) across water types and seasons. Pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aeromonas hydrophilia were observed across sample types. The most common antibiotic resistance genes identified coded against macrolides/lincosamides/streptogramins, aminoglycosides, rifampin and elfamycins, and their read counts fluctuated across seasons. We also observed multi-metal and multi-biocide resistance across all water types. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive longitudinal study to date of U.S. recycled water and surface water used for irrigation. Our findings improve understanding of the potential differences in the risk of exposure to bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes originating from diverse irrigation water sources across seasons and U.S. regions.
AB - Reduced availability of agricultural water has spurred increased interest in using recycled irrigation water for U.S. food crop production. However, there are significant knowledge gaps concerning the microbiological quality of these water sources. To address these gaps, we used 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing to characterize taxonomic and functional variations (e.g., antimicrobial resistance) in bacterial communities across diverse recycled and surface water irrigation sources. We collected 1 L water samples (n = 410) between 2016 and 2018 from the Mid-Atlantic (12 sites) and Southwest (10 sites) U.S. Samples were filtered, and DNA was extracted. The V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were then PCR amplified and sequenced. Metagenomic sequencing was also performed to characterize antibiotic, metal, and biocide resistance genes. Bacterial alpha and beta diversities were significantly different (p < 0.001) across water types and seasons. Pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aeromonas hydrophilia were observed across sample types. The most common antibiotic resistance genes identified coded against macrolides/lincosamides/streptogramins, aminoglycosides, rifampin and elfamycins, and their read counts fluctuated across seasons. We also observed multi-metal and multi-biocide resistance across all water types. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive longitudinal study to date of U.S. recycled water and surface water used for irrigation. Our findings improve understanding of the potential differences in the risk of exposure to bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes originating from diverse irrigation water sources across seasons and U.S. regions.
KW - antibiotic resistance genes
KW - antibiotic-resistant bacteria
KW - food safety
KW - irrigation water quality
KW - metagenomics
KW - pathogens
KW - reclaimed water
KW - recycled water
KW - wastewater
KW - water microbiome
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U2 - 10.1021/acs.est.2c02281
DO - 10.1021/acs.est.2c02281
M3 - Article
C2 - 36194536
AN - SCOPUS:85139519862
SN - 0013-936X
VL - 56
SP - 15019
EP - 15033
JO - Environmental Science and Technology
JF - Environmental Science and Technology
IS - 21
ER -