Abstract
Projection techniques are often used to visualize high-dimensional data, allowing users to better understand the overall structure of multi-dimensional spaces on a 2D screen. Although many such methods exist, comparably little work has been done on generalizable methods of inverse-projection - the process of mapping the projected points, or more generally, the projection space back to the original high-dimensional space. In this article we present NNInv, a deep learning technique with the ability to approximate the inverse of any projection or mapping. NNInv learns to reconstruct high-dimensional data from any arbitrary point on a 2D projection space, giving users the ability to interact with the learned high-dimensional representation in a visual analytics system. We provide an analysis of the parameter space of NNInv, and offer guidance in selecting these parameters. We extend validation of the effectiveness of NNInv through a series of quantitative and qualitative analyses. We then demonstrate the method's utility by applying it to three visualization tasks: interactive instance interpolation, classifier agreement, and gradient visualization.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 1559-1572 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics |
Volume | 29 |
Issue number | 2 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Feb 1 2023 |
Keywords
- Multidimensional data
- back-projection
- inverse-projection
- multidimensional projection
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Software
- Signal Processing
- Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
- Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design