Troubleshooting of neuromodulatory devices: case examples

The use of neuromodulation for various neurological conditions has increased significantly. However, complications and device failures are not uncommon in this field. There has been a great deal of research done on the incidence and prevalence of revision surgeries, but guidance on how to mitigate and resolve complications is lacking. In this chapter, we will discuss common complications resulting from neuromodulation surgeries including loss of therapy, device migration, adverse stimulation effects, device erosion, and implant-related pain. We will supplement each discussion with several case presentations to explain how we resolved these complications.