TY - JOUR
T1 - Trained immunity contributes to the prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, a novel role of autophagy
AU - Zhou, Jie
AU - Lv, Jingzhu
AU - Carlson, Chelsea
AU - Liu, Hui
AU - Wang, Hongtao
AU - Xu, Tao
AU - Wu, Fengjiao
AU - Song, Chuanwang
AU - Wang, Xiaojing
AU - Wang, Ting
AU - Qian, Zhongqing
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is the pathogen which causes tuberculosis (TB), a significant human public health threat. Co-infection of M. tuberculosis and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), emergence of drug resistant M. tuberculosis, and failure to develop highly effective TB vaccines have limited control of the TB epidemic. Trained immunity is an enhanced innate immune response which functions independently of the adaptive/acquired immune system and responds non-specifically to reinfection with invading agents. Recently, several studies have found trained immunity has the capability to control and eliminate M. tuberculosis infection. Over the past decades, however, the consensus was adaptive immunity is the only protective mechanism by which hosts inhibit M. tuberculosis growth. Furthermore, autophagy plays an essential role in the development of trained immunity. Further investigation of trained immunity, M. tuberculosis infection, and the role of autophagy in this process provide new possibilities for vaccine development. In this review, we present the general characteristics of trained immunity and autophagy. We additionally summarize several examples where initiation of trained immunity contributes to the prevention of M. tuberculosis infection and propose future directions for research in this area.
AB - Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is the pathogen which causes tuberculosis (TB), a significant human public health threat. Co-infection of M. tuberculosis and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), emergence of drug resistant M. tuberculosis, and failure to develop highly effective TB vaccines have limited control of the TB epidemic. Trained immunity is an enhanced innate immune response which functions independently of the adaptive/acquired immune system and responds non-specifically to reinfection with invading agents. Recently, several studies have found trained immunity has the capability to control and eliminate M. tuberculosis infection. Over the past decades, however, the consensus was adaptive immunity is the only protective mechanism by which hosts inhibit M. tuberculosis growth. Furthermore, autophagy plays an essential role in the development of trained immunity. Further investigation of trained immunity, M. tuberculosis infection, and the role of autophagy in this process provide new possibilities for vaccine development. In this review, we present the general characteristics of trained immunity and autophagy. We additionally summarize several examples where initiation of trained immunity contributes to the prevention of M. tuberculosis infection and propose future directions for research in this area.
KW - autophagy
KW - epigenetic reprogramming
KW - mycobacterium tuberculosis
KW - trained immunity
KW - vaccine
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U2 - 10.1080/22221751.2021.1899771
DO - 10.1080/22221751.2021.1899771
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33666534
AN - SCOPUS:85103397329
SN - 2222-1751
VL - 10
SP - 578
EP - 588
JO - Emerging Microbes and Infections
JF - Emerging Microbes and Infections
IS - 1
ER -