TY - JOUR
T1 - Time-efficient physical training for enhancing cardiovascular function in midlife and older adults
T2 - Promise and current research gaps
AU - Craighead, Daniel H.
AU - Heinbockel, Thomas C.
AU - Hamilton, Makinzie N.
AU - Bailey, E. Fiona
AU - MacDonald, Maureen J.
AU - Gibala, Martin J.
AU - Seals, Douglas R.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by an American Heart Association Postdoctoral Fellowship 18POST33990034 (D. H. Craighead).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 the American Physiological Society.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death in developed societies, and "midlife" (50-64 yr) and older (65) men and women bear the great majority of the burden of CVD. Much of the increased risk of CVD in this population is attributable to CV dysfunction, including adverse changes in the structure and function of the heart, increased systolic blood pressure, and arterial dysfunction. The latter is characterized by increased arterial stiffness and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Conventional aerobic exercise training, as generally recommended in public health guidelines, is an effective strategy to preserve or improve CV function with aging. However, <40% of midlife and older adults meet aerobic exercise guidelines, due in part to time availability-related barriers. As such, there is a need to develop evidencebased time-efficient exercise interventions that promote adherence and optimize CV function in these groups. Two promising interventions that may meet these criteria are interval training and inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST). Limited research suggests these modes of training may improve CV function with time commitments of ≤60 min/wk. This review will summarize the current evidence for interval training and IMST to improve CV function in midlife/older adults and identify key research gaps and future directions.
AB - Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death in developed societies, and "midlife" (50-64 yr) and older (65) men and women bear the great majority of the burden of CVD. Much of the increased risk of CVD in this population is attributable to CV dysfunction, including adverse changes in the structure and function of the heart, increased systolic blood pressure, and arterial dysfunction. The latter is characterized by increased arterial stiffness and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Conventional aerobic exercise training, as generally recommended in public health guidelines, is an effective strategy to preserve or improve CV function with aging. However, <40% of midlife and older adults meet aerobic exercise guidelines, due in part to time availability-related barriers. As such, there is a need to develop evidencebased time-efficient exercise interventions that promote adherence and optimize CV function in these groups. Two promising interventions that may meet these criteria are interval training and inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST). Limited research suggests these modes of training may improve CV function with time commitments of ≤60 min/wk. This review will summarize the current evidence for interval training and IMST to improve CV function in midlife/older adults and identify key research gaps and future directions.
KW - Aging
KW - Inspiratory muscle strength training
KW - Interval training
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U2 - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00381.2019
DO - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00381.2019
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31556835
AN - SCOPUS:85074872326
SN - 8750-7587
VL - 127
SP - 1427
EP - 1440
JO - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF - Journal of Applied Physiology
IS - 5
ER -