TY - JOUR
T1 - Time-efficient inspiratory muscle strength training lowers blood pressure and improves endothelial function, no bioavailability, and oxidative stress in midlife/older adults with above-normal blood pressure
AU - Craighead, Daniel H.
AU - Heinbockel, Thomas C.
AU - Freeberg, Kaitlin A.
AU - Rossman, Matthew J.
AU - Jackman, Rachel A.
AU - Jankowski, Lindsey R.
AU - Hamilton, Makinzie N.
AU - Ziemba, Brian P.
AU - Reisz, Julie A.
AU - D’Alessandro, Angelo
AU - Brewster, L. Madden
AU - Desouza, Christopher A.
AU - You, Zhiying
AU - Chonchol, Michel
AU - Bailey, E. Fiona
AU - Seals, Douglas R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.
PY - 2021/7/6
Y1 - 2021/7/6
N2 - BACKGROUND: High-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) is a novel, time-efficient physical training modality. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial to investigate whether 6 weeks of IMST (30 breaths/day, 6 days/week) improves blood pressure, endothelial function, and arterial stiffness in midlife/older adults (aged 50-79 years) with systolic blood pressure ≥120 mm Hg, while also investigating potential mechanisms and long-lasting effects. Thirty-six participants completed high-resistance IMST (75% maximal inspiratory pressure, n=18) or low-resistance sham training (15% maximal inspiratory pressure, n=18). IMST was safe, well tolerated, and had excellent adherence (≈95% of training sessions completed). Casual systolic blood pressure decreased from 135±2 mm Hg to 126±3 mm Hg (P<0.01) with IMST, which was ≈75% sustained 6 weeks after IMST (P<0.01), whereas IMST modestly decreased casual diastolic blood pressure (79±2 mm Hg to 77±2 mm Hg, P=0.03); blood pressure was unaffected by sham training (all P>0.05). Twenty-four hour systolic blood pressure was lower after IMST versus sham training (P=0.01). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation improved ≈45% with IMST (P<0.01) but was unchanged with sham training (P=0.73). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured with subject serum sampled after versus before IMST exhibited increased NO bioavailability, greater endothelial NO synthase activation, and lower reactive oxygen species bioactivity (P<0.05). IMST decreased C-reactive protein (P=0.05) and altered select circulating metabolites (targeted plasma metabolomics) associated with cardiovascular function. Neither IMST nor sham training influenced arterial stiffness (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High-resistance IMST is a safe, highly adherable lifestyle intervention for improving blood pressure and endothelial function in midlife/older adults with above-normal initial systolic blood pressure.
AB - BACKGROUND: High-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) is a novel, time-efficient physical training modality. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial to investigate whether 6 weeks of IMST (30 breaths/day, 6 days/week) improves blood pressure, endothelial function, and arterial stiffness in midlife/older adults (aged 50-79 years) with systolic blood pressure ≥120 mm Hg, while also investigating potential mechanisms and long-lasting effects. Thirty-six participants completed high-resistance IMST (75% maximal inspiratory pressure, n=18) or low-resistance sham training (15% maximal inspiratory pressure, n=18). IMST was safe, well tolerated, and had excellent adherence (≈95% of training sessions completed). Casual systolic blood pressure decreased from 135±2 mm Hg to 126±3 mm Hg (P<0.01) with IMST, which was ≈75% sustained 6 weeks after IMST (P<0.01), whereas IMST modestly decreased casual diastolic blood pressure (79±2 mm Hg to 77±2 mm Hg, P=0.03); blood pressure was unaffected by sham training (all P>0.05). Twenty-four hour systolic blood pressure was lower after IMST versus sham training (P=0.01). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation improved ≈45% with IMST (P<0.01) but was unchanged with sham training (P=0.73). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured with subject serum sampled after versus before IMST exhibited increased NO bioavailability, greater endothelial NO synthase activation, and lower reactive oxygen species bioactivity (P<0.05). IMST decreased C-reactive protein (P=0.05) and altered select circulating metabolites (targeted plasma metabolomics) associated with cardiovascular function. Neither IMST nor sham training influenced arterial stiffness (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High-resistance IMST is a safe, highly adherable lifestyle intervention for improving blood pressure and endothelial function in midlife/older adults with above-normal initial systolic blood pressure.
KW - Exercise training
KW - Flow-mediated dilation
KW - Hypertension
KW - NO
KW - Oxidative stress
KW - Reactive oxygen species
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85110197459
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85110197459#tab=citedBy
U2 - 10.1161/JAHA.121.020980
DO - 10.1161/JAHA.121.020980
M3 - Article
C2 - 34184544
AN - SCOPUS:85110197459
SN - 2047-9980
VL - 10
JO - Journal of the American Heart Association
JF - Journal of the American Heart Association
IS - 13
M1 - e020980
ER -