@article{a26c74bfa2734e2aa7b1f00f885d5ee2,
title = "Thicker Clouds and Accelerated Arctic Sea Ice Decline: The Atmosphere-Sea Ice Interactions in Spring",
abstract = "Observations show that increased Arctic cloud cover in the spring is linked with sea ice decline. As the atmosphere and sea ice can influence each other, which one plays the leading role in spring remains unclear. Here we demonstrate, through observational data diagnosis and numerical modeling, that there is active coupling between the atmosphere and sea ice in early spring. Sea ice melting and thus the presence of more open water lead to stronger evaporation and promote cloud formation that increases downward longwave flux, leading to even more ice melt. Spring clouds are a driving force in the disappearance of sea ice and displacing the mechanism of atmosphere-sea ice coupling from April to June. These results suggest the need to accurately model interactions of Arctic clouds and radiation in Earth System Models in order to improve projections of the future of the Arctic.",
keywords = "Arctic sea ice retreat, atmosphere-sea ice coupling, atmospheric physical processes, cloud and radiation impact",
author = "Yiyi Huang and Xiquan Dong and Bailey, {David A.} and Holland, {Marika M.} and Baike Xi and DuVivier, {Alice K.} and Kay, {Jennifer E.} and Landrum, {Laura L.} and Yi Deng",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship program to Y. Huang at the University of Arizona (80NSSC18K1339), under the advisement of Xiquan Dong. X. Dong and B. Xi were supported by NASA CERES project through grant 80NSSC19K0172 at the University of Arizona. This material was also based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under cooperative agreement 1852977. J. E. Kay was supported by NASA under grant 15-CCST15-0025. Y. Deng was supported by the NSF under grants AGS-1354402 and AGS-1445956 and by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under award NA16NWS4680013. We would like to thank NCAR Advanced Study Program Graduate Visitor Program, as well as acknowledge high-performance computing support from Cheyenne (doi:10.5065/D6RX99HX) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. In addition, we appreciate Christopher Cokinos for proofreading as well as two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. In this study, sea ice concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Passive Microwave Data, version 1 are accessed from NASA DAAC at the National Snow and Ice Data Center at http://nsidc.org/data/docs/daac/nsidc0051_gsfc_seaice.gd.html#cavalieri_92. While NASA CERES SYN1deg and CERES-EBAF surface data sets are available at http://ceres.larc.nasa.gov/order_data.php. The output of CESM-Large Ensemble project is available on NCAR High Performance Storage System (HPSS) on Cheyenne (http://www.cesm.ucar.edu/projects/community-projects/LENS/data-sets.html). CESM AMIP experiment output is available from corresponding author upon request. Funding Information: This work was supported by the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship program to Y. Huang at the University of Arizona (80NSSC18K1339), under the advisement of Xiquan Dong. X. Dong and B. Xi were supported by NASA CERES project through grant 80NSSC19K0172 at the University of Arizona. This material was also based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under cooperative agreement 1852977. J. E. Kay was supported by NASA under grant 15‐CCST15‐0025. Y. Deng was supported by the NSF under grants AGS‐1354402 and AGS‐1445956 and by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under award NA16NWS4680013. We would like to thank NCAR Advanced Study Program Graduate Visitor Program, as well as acknowledge high‐performance computing support from Cheyenne (doi:10.5065/D6RX99HX) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. In addition, we appreciate Christopher Cokinos for proofreading as well as two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. In this study, sea ice concentrations from Nimbus‐7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I‐SSMIS Passive Microwave Data, version 1 are accessed from NASA DAAC at the National Snow and Ice Data Center at http:// nsidc.org/data/docs/daac/nsidc0051_ gsfc_seaice.gd.html#cavalieri_92. While NASA CERES SYN1deg and CERES‐EBAF surface data sets are available at http://ceres.larc.nasa.gov/ order_data.php. The output of CESM‐ Large Ensemble project is available on NCAR High Performance Storage System (HPSS) on Cheyenne (http:// www.cesm.ucar.edu/projects/ community‐projects/LENS/data‐sets. html). CESM AMIP experiment output is available from corresponding author upon request. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",
year = "2019",
month = jun,
day = "28",
doi = "10.1029/2019GL082791",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "46",
pages = "6980--6989",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
number = "12",
}