TY - JOUR
T1 - Theoretical electron density distributions for Fe- and Cu-sulfide earth materials
T2 - A connection between bond length, bond critical point properties, local energy densities, and bonded interactions
AU - Gibbs, G. V.
AU - Cox, D. F.
AU - Rosso, K. M.
AU - Ross, N. L.
AU - Downs, R. T.
AU - Spackman, M. A.
PY - 2007/3/1
Y1 - 2007/3/1
N2 - Bond critical point and local energy density properties together with net atomic charges were calculated for theoretical electron density distributions, ρ(r), generated for a variety of Fe and Cu metal-sulfide materials with high- and low-spin Fe atoms in octahedral coordination and high-spin Fe atoms in tetrahedral coordination. The electron density, ρ(rc), the Laplacian, ∇2ρ(rc), the local kinetic energy, G(rc), and the oxidation state of Fe increase as the local potential energy density, V(rc), the Fe-S bond lengths, and the coordination numbers of the Fe atoms decrease. The properties of the bonded interactions for the octahedrally coordinated low-spin Fe atoms for pyrite and marcasite are distinct from those for high-spin Fe atoms for troilite, smythite, and greigite. The Fe-S bond lengths are shorter and the values of ρ(rc) and ∇2ρ(rc) are larger for pyrite and marcasite, indicating that the accumulation and local concentration of ρ(r) in the internuclear region are greater than those involving the longer, high-spin Fe-S bonded interactions. The net atomic charges and the bonded radii calculated for the Fe and S atoms in pyrite and marcasite are also smaller than those for sulfides with high-spin octahedrally coordinated Fe atoms. Collectively, the Fe-S interactions are indicated to be intermediate in character with the low-spin Fe-S interactions having greater shared character than the high-spin interactions. The bond lengths observed for chalcopyrite together with the calculated bond critical point properties are consistent with the formula Cu+Fe3+S2. The bond length is shorter and the ρ(rc) value is larger for the FeS4 tetrahedron displayed by metastable greigite than those displayed by chalcopyrite and cubanite, consistent with a proposal that the Fe atom in greigite is tetravalent. S-S bond paths exist between each of the surface S atoms of adjacent slabs of FeS6 octahedra comprising the layer sulfide smythite, suggesting that the neutral Fe3S4 slabs are linked together and stabilized by the pathways of electron density comprising S-S bonded interactions. Such interactions not only exist between the S atoms for adjacent S8 rings in native sulfur, but their bond critical point properties are similar to those displayed by the metal sulfides.
AB - Bond critical point and local energy density properties together with net atomic charges were calculated for theoretical electron density distributions, ρ(r), generated for a variety of Fe and Cu metal-sulfide materials with high- and low-spin Fe atoms in octahedral coordination and high-spin Fe atoms in tetrahedral coordination. The electron density, ρ(rc), the Laplacian, ∇2ρ(rc), the local kinetic energy, G(rc), and the oxidation state of Fe increase as the local potential energy density, V(rc), the Fe-S bond lengths, and the coordination numbers of the Fe atoms decrease. The properties of the bonded interactions for the octahedrally coordinated low-spin Fe atoms for pyrite and marcasite are distinct from those for high-spin Fe atoms for troilite, smythite, and greigite. The Fe-S bond lengths are shorter and the values of ρ(rc) and ∇2ρ(rc) are larger for pyrite and marcasite, indicating that the accumulation and local concentration of ρ(r) in the internuclear region are greater than those involving the longer, high-spin Fe-S bonded interactions. The net atomic charges and the bonded radii calculated for the Fe and S atoms in pyrite and marcasite are also smaller than those for sulfides with high-spin octahedrally coordinated Fe atoms. Collectively, the Fe-S interactions are indicated to be intermediate in character with the low-spin Fe-S interactions having greater shared character than the high-spin interactions. The bond lengths observed for chalcopyrite together with the calculated bond critical point properties are consistent with the formula Cu+Fe3+S2. The bond length is shorter and the ρ(rc) value is larger for the FeS4 tetrahedron displayed by metastable greigite than those displayed by chalcopyrite and cubanite, consistent with a proposal that the Fe atom in greigite is tetravalent. S-S bond paths exist between each of the surface S atoms of adjacent slabs of FeS6 octahedra comprising the layer sulfide smythite, suggesting that the neutral Fe3S4 slabs are linked together and stabilized by the pathways of electron density comprising S-S bonded interactions. Such interactions not only exist between the S atoms for adjacent S8 rings in native sulfur, but their bond critical point properties are similar to those displayed by the metal sulfides.
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U2 - 10.1021/jp065086i
DO - 10.1021/jp065086i
M3 - Article
C2 - 17274642
AN - SCOPUS:33947408792
SN - 1520-6106
VL - 111
SP - 1923
EP - 1931
JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
IS - 8
ER -