TY - JOUR
T1 - Theoretical analysis of hybrid flat-panel detector arrays for digital X-ray fluoroscopy
T2 - General system architecture, signal, and noise processes
AU - Suryanarayanan, Sankararaman
AU - Karellas, Andrew
AU - Vedantham, Srinivasan
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received September 8, 2000; revised April 27, 2001. This work was supported in part by NIH Grant RO1 HL65551 (Andrew Karellas Ph.D., Principal Investigator) from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), and its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NHLBI or NIH. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Dr. Richard T. Kouzes.
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - Semiconductor flat-panel detector arrays are being investigated for applications in digital x-ray medical imaging. This paper describes the system architecture and theoretical signal and noise processes of a proposed hybrid cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) based CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) array for fluoroscopy. Simulations were performed using an 80-kVp-tungsten spectrum and a 200-/J,m pixel. The proposed system appears to exhibit favorable characteristics in terms of charge generation, lag, quantum noise, and other electronic sources of noise, and compared well with other direct conversion detectors. Overall, we expect the system to be x-ray quantum noise limited under diagnostic exposure conditions for fluoroscopy and conclude that the proposed imager exhibits promising characteristics for applications in diagnostic x-ray imaging.
AB - Semiconductor flat-panel detector arrays are being investigated for applications in digital x-ray medical imaging. This paper describes the system architecture and theoretical signal and noise processes of a proposed hybrid cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) based CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) array for fluoroscopy. Simulations were performed using an 80-kVp-tungsten spectrum and a 200-/J,m pixel. The proposed system appears to exhibit favorable characteristics in terms of charge generation, lag, quantum noise, and other electronic sources of noise, and compared well with other direct conversion detectors. Overall, we expect the system to be x-ray quantum noise limited under diagnostic exposure conditions for fluoroscopy and conclude that the proposed imager exhibits promising characteristics for applications in diagnostic x-ray imaging.
KW - CMOS
KW - Cadmium zinc telluride
KW - Digital flouroscopy
KW - Noise analysis
KW - Semiconductor detector
KW - X-ray
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U2 - 10.1109/JSEN.2001.936934
DO - 10.1109/JSEN.2001.936934
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:23244442675
SN - 1530-437X
VL - 1
SP - 168
EP - 174
JO - IEEE Sensors Journal
JF - IEEE Sensors Journal
IS - 2
ER -