Abstract
We present a multiplicity study of all known protostars (94) in the Perseus molecular cloud from a Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array survey at Ka-band (8 mm and 1 cm) and C-band (4 and 6.6 cm). The observed sample has a bolometric luminosity range between 0.1 Lȯ and ∼33 Lȯ, with a median of 0.7 Lȯ. This multiplicity study is based on the Ka-band data, having a best resolution of ∼0.″065 (15 au) and separations out to ∼43″ (10,000 au) can be probed. The overall multiplicity fraction (MF) is found to be 0.40 ± 0.06 and the companion star fraction (CSF) is 0.71 ± 0.06. The MF and CSF of the Class 0 protostars are 0.57 ± 0.09 and 1.2 ± 0.2, and the MF and CSF of Class I protostars are both 0.23 ± 0.08. The distribution of companion separations appears bi-modal, with a peak at ∼75 au and another peak at ∼3000 au. Turbulent fragmentation is likely the dominant mechanism on >1000 au scales and disk fragmentation is likely to be the dominant mechanism on <200 au scales. Toward three Class 0 sources we find companions separated by <30 au. These systems have the smallest separations of currently known Class 0 protostellar binary systems. Moreover, these close systems are embedded within larger (50-400 au) structures and may be candidates for ongoing disk fragmentation.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | 73 |
Journal | Astrophysical Journal |
Volume | 818 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Feb 10 2016 |
Keywords
- binaries: close
- planetary systems
- protoplanetary disks
- stars: formation
- stars: protostars
- techniques: interferometric
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Space and Planetary Science
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Dive into the research topics of 'THE VLA NASCENT DISK AND MULTIPLICITY SURVEY OF PERSEUS PROTOSTARS (VANDAM). II. MULTIPLICITY OF PROTOSTARS IN THE PERSEUS MOLECULAR CLOUD'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.Datasets
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Study of protostars in the Perseus molecular cloud
Tobin, J. J. (Creator), Looney, L. W. (Creator), Li, Z.-Y. (Creator), Chandler, C. J. (Creator), Dunham, M. M. (Creator), Segura-Cox, D. (Creator), Sadavoy, S. I. (Creator), Melis, C. (Creator), Harris, R. J. (Creator), Kratter, K. (Creator), Perez, L. (Creator), Tobin, J. J. (Creator) & Harris, R. J. (Creator), Centre de Donnees Strasbourg (CDS), 2018
DOI: 10.26093/cds/vizier.18180073, https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/818/73
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