The transport of electrolytes in the gut and the use of oral rehydration solutions

Knowledge of the normal physiology of the transport of water and electrolytes across the gastrointestinal tract is an essential prerequisite for understanding of the pathophysiology of electrolyte disturbances resulting from diarrheal disorders. The imbalances of fluid and electrolytes resulting from gastrointestinal diseases accounts for the death of approximately five million infants worldwide each year. This article will outline the basic physiology and pathophysiology of electrolyte transport across the intestinal tract and formulate a rationale for the use of oral rehydration solutions in diarrheal disorders of infancy and childhood.