TY - JOUR
T1 - The pantropical response of soil moisture to El Niño
AU - Solander, Kurt C.
AU - Newman, Brent D.
AU - Carioca De Araujo, Alessandro
AU - Barnard, Holly R.
AU - Berry, Z. Carter
AU - Bonal, Damien
AU - Bretfeld, Mario
AU - Burban, Benoit
AU - Candido, Luiz Antonio
AU - Célleri, Rolando
AU - Chambers, Jeffery Q.
AU - Christoffersen, Bradley O.
AU - Detto, Matteo
AU - Dorigo, Wouter A.
AU - Ewers, Brent E.
AU - Ferreira, Savio José Filgueiras
AU - Knohl, Alexander
AU - Leung, L. Ruby
AU - McDowell, Nate G.
AU - Miller, Gretchen R.
AU - Monteiro, Maria Terezinha Ferreira
AU - Moore, Georgianne W.
AU - Negron-Juarez, Robinson
AU - Saleska, Scott R.
AU - Stiegler, Christian
AU - Tomasella, Javier
AU - Xu, Chonggang
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial support. This research has been supported by the U.S.
Funding Information:
Acknowledgements. This project was supported as part of the Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments – Tropics, funded by the United States Department of Energy Office of Science Office of Biological and Environmental Research through the Terrestrial Ecosystem Science program. Data obtained from French Guiana were recorded thanks to an “investissement d’avenir” grant from the Agence Na-tionale de la Recherche (CEBA no. ANR-10-LABX-25-01; AR-BRE no. ANR-11-LABX-0002-01). Data obtained from one of the Panama sites were recorded thanks to an award from the National Science Foundation (NSF; no. 1360305). In situ data collected from Indonesia were made possible by the Deutsche Forschungsgemein- schaft (DFG; German Research Foundation; project no. 192626868 of SFB 990) and the Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency (Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education; Ristekdikti) in the framework of the collaborative German–Indonesian research project CRC 990. We would also like to thank Charu Varadharajan and Emily Robles for providing valuable assistance with database access and guidance on data storage during the course of this research. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute (contract no. DE-AC05-76RL01830).
Funding Information:
This project was supported as part of the Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments - Tropics, funded by the United States Department of Energy Office of Science Office of Biological and Environmental Research through the Terrestrial Ecosystem Science program. Data obtained from French Guiana were recorded thanks to an investissement d'avenir grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA no. ANR-10-LABX-25-01; ARBRE no. ANR-11-LABX-0002-01)
Publisher Copyright:
© Author(s) 2020.
PY - 2020/5/11
Y1 - 2020/5/11
N2 - The 2015-2016 El Niño event ranks as one of the most severe on record in terms of the magnitude and extent of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies generated in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Corresponding global impacts on the climate were expected to rival, or even surpass, those of the 1997-1998 severe El Niño event, which had SST anomalies that were similar in size. However, the 2015-2016 event failed to meet expectations for hydrologic change in many areas, including those expected to receive well above normal precipitation. To better understand how climate anomalies during an El Niño event impact soil moisture, we investigate changes in soil moisture in the humid tropics (between ±25ĝˆ ) during the three most recent super El Niño events of 1982-1983, 1997-1998 and 2015-2016, using data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). First, we use in situ soil moisture observations obtained from 16 sites across five continents to validate and bias-correct estimates from GLDAS (r2Combining double low line0.54). Next, we apply a k-means cluster analysis to the soil moisture estimates during the El Niño mature phase, resulting in four groups of clustered data. The strongest and most consistent decreases in soil moisture occur in the Amazon basin and maritime southeastern Asia, while the most consistent increases occur over eastern Africa. In addition, we compare changes in soil moisture to both precipitation and evapotranspiration, which showed a lack of agreement in the direction of change between these variables and soil moisture most prominently in the southern Amazon basin, the Sahel and mainland southeastern Asia. Our results can be used to improve estimates of spatiotemporal differences in El Niño impacts on soil moisture in tropical hydrology and ecosystem models at multiple scales..
AB - The 2015-2016 El Niño event ranks as one of the most severe on record in terms of the magnitude and extent of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies generated in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Corresponding global impacts on the climate were expected to rival, or even surpass, those of the 1997-1998 severe El Niño event, which had SST anomalies that were similar in size. However, the 2015-2016 event failed to meet expectations for hydrologic change in many areas, including those expected to receive well above normal precipitation. To better understand how climate anomalies during an El Niño event impact soil moisture, we investigate changes in soil moisture in the humid tropics (between ±25ĝˆ ) during the three most recent super El Niño events of 1982-1983, 1997-1998 and 2015-2016, using data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). First, we use in situ soil moisture observations obtained from 16 sites across five continents to validate and bias-correct estimates from GLDAS (r2Combining double low line0.54). Next, we apply a k-means cluster analysis to the soil moisture estimates during the El Niño mature phase, resulting in four groups of clustered data. The strongest and most consistent decreases in soil moisture occur in the Amazon basin and maritime southeastern Asia, while the most consistent increases occur over eastern Africa. In addition, we compare changes in soil moisture to both precipitation and evapotranspiration, which showed a lack of agreement in the direction of change between these variables and soil moisture most prominently in the southern Amazon basin, the Sahel and mainland southeastern Asia. Our results can be used to improve estimates of spatiotemporal differences in El Niño impacts on soil moisture in tropical hydrology and ecosystem models at multiple scales..
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U2 - 10.5194/hess-24-2303-2020
DO - 10.5194/hess-24-2303-2020
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85084915035
SN - 1027-5606
VL - 24
SP - 2303
EP - 2322
JO - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
JF - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
IS - 5
ER -