The missing middle of climate services: layering multiway, two-way, and one-way modes of communicating seasonal climate forecasts

The production and distribution of seasonal climate forecasts (SCFs) have been principal global climate service activities for decades. During this time, the climate service community has increasingly moved away from using only one-way communication modes, like radio or bulletins, to also include multiway communication modes in the form of interactive models of science communication, like participatory workshops. The combination of such workshops with the more traditional unidirectional forms of communication helps climate service providers overcome many of the limitations that inhere in each form. However, important gaps remain even with the combination of one-way and multiway modes of communication. In this article, we draw on 17 workshops we convened in six locations that engaged with 406 small-scale coffee farmers in the Jamaican Blue Mountains and 106 farmer interviews. These workshops aimed to improve farmer access to, and understanding of, weather and climate information. We argue that an intermediate form of communication between providers and users that takes place between workshops would help providers better tailor the one-way and multiway communication modes by evaluating in real time the users’ understanding and use of the forecasts and by monitoring the dynamic context in which the users make decisions.