The Influence of Bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation on Impulsivity and Prepulse Inhibition in Parkinson's Disease Patients

Background: At least 14% of Parkinson disease (PD) patients develop impulse control disorders (ICDs). The pathophysiology behind these behaviors and the impact of deep brain stimulation in a real-life setting remain unclear. Objectives: We prospectively examined the impact of bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on ICDs in PD patients, as well as the relationship between impaired sensorimotor gaiting and impulsivity. Methods: Patients undergoing bilateral STN-DBS were assessed for ICDs preoperatively and 1-year postoperatively using a validated questionnaire (QUIP-RS). A subset of patients completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) and auditory prepulse inhibition (PPI) testing. Results: Analysis revealed 12 patients had an improvement in score assessing ICDs ('good responders'; p = 0.006) while 4 had a worse or stable score ('poor responders'; p > 0.05). Good responders further exemplified a significant decrease in hypersexual behavior (p = 0.005) and binge eating (p = 0.01). Impaired PPI responses also significantly correlated with impulsivity in BART (r = -0.72, p = 0.044). Discussion: Following bilateral STN-DBS, 75% of our cohort had a reduction in ICDs, thus suggesting deep brain stimulation effectively manages ICDs in PD. The role of impaired PPI in predisposition to ICDs in PD warrants further investigation.