@article{125c05df226a4f2eb0f1cba06a6942b8,
title = "The hypoglossal nerve stimulation as a novel therapy for treating obstructive sleep apnea—a literature review",
abstract = "Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that affects all age groups and is associated with many co-morbid diseases (especially cardiovascular diseases). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard for treating OSA. However, adherence to PAP therapy has been a major challenge with an estimated adherence between 20 and 80%. Mandibular advancement devices (MAD) are a good alternative option if used in the appropriate patient. MAD are most effective in mild and moderate OSA but not severe OSA. Surgical options are invasive, not appropriate for severe OSA, and associated with pain and long healing time. Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS), or upper airway stimulation (UAS), is a novel therapy in treating moderate and severe degrees of OSA in patients who cannot tolerate CPAP therapy. We reviewed the MED-LINE (PubMed) database. The search process yielded 303 articles; 31 met the inclusion and exclu-sion criteria and were included. We concluded that hypoglossal nerve stimulation is a very effective and novel alternative therapy for moderate and severe OSA in patients who cannot tolerate CPAP therapy. Adherence to HGNS is superior to CPAP. However, more developments are needed to ensure the highest safety profile.",
keywords = "BMI, CPAP, Children, Complete concentric collapse, DISE, Genioglossus, Hypoglossal nerve stimulation, Inspire, Obstructive sleep apnea",
author = "Saif Mashaqi and Patel, {Salma Imran} and Daniel Combs and Lauren Estep and Sonia Helmick and Joan Machamer and Sairam Parthasarathy",
note = "Funding Information: Funding: This review received no external funding. The following authors received funding not related to this review. Dr. Parthasarathy reports research grants funded by the NIH (HL138377, U01HL128954, IPA-014264-00001, UG3HL140144), PCORI (PPRND-1507-31666), Foundations (ASMF-169-SR-17) and Industry (Philips, Whoop. Inc.). He is a co-investigator on research funded by NIH (MD011600), PCORI (PCS-1504-30430), and DOD (W81XWH-14-1-0570). Dr. Combs reports current research funding from the National Institutes of Health (HL 151254), American Heart Association, LuMind Foundation and University of Arizona Health Sciences as well as prior research funding from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Foundation. Dr. Patel reports research supported by grants from the American Sleep Medicine Foundation (203-JF-18), National Institutes of Health (HL126140), a University of Arizona Health Sciences Career Development Award and Faculty Seed Grant Award. Funding Information: This review received no external funding. The following authors received funding not related to this review. Dr. Parthasarathy reports research grants funded by the NIH (HL138377, U01HL128954, IPA-014264-00001, UG3HL140144), PCORI (PPRND-1507-31666), Foundations (ASMF-169-SR-17) and Industry (Philips, Whoop. Inc.). He is a co-investigator on research funded by NIH (MD011600), PCORI (PCS-1504-30430), and DOD (W81XWH-14-1-0570). Dr. Combs reports current research funding from the National Institutes of Health (HL 151254), American Heart Asso-ciation, LuMind Foundation and University of Arizona Health Sciences as well as prior research funding from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Foundation. Dr. Patel reports research sup-ported by grants from the American Sleep Medicine Foundation (203-JF-18), National Institutes of Health (HL126140), a University of Arizona Health Sciences Career Development Award and Faculty Seed Grant Award. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
year = "2021",
month = feb,
day = "2",
doi = "10.3390/ijerph18041642",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "18",
pages = "1--24",
journal = "International journal of environmental research and public health",
issn = "1661-7827",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
number = "4",
}