The Human Factor: Unpacking Biopsy Decision Variability that Artificial Intelligence Cannot Predict

Justin W. Ng; Kyra L. Diehl; Tracy C. Petrie; Tayler N. Tobey; Elizabeth R. Stoos; Emile J. Latour; Joanna N. Ludzik; Victoria E. Orfaly; Jacob H. Nelson; Jordan R. Gillespie; Emilie A. Foltz; Elizabeth G. Berry; Alexandra Verdieck; Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski; Kelly C. Nelson; Emily H. Smith; Susan M. Swetter; Sancy A. Leachman

doi:10.1016/j.jid.2025.08.009

The Human Factor: Unpacking Biopsy Decision Variability that Artificial Intelligence Cannot Predict

Justin W. Ng
, Kyra L. Diehl
, Tracy C. Petrie
, Tayler N. Tobey
, Elizabeth R. Stoos
, Emile J. Latour
, Joanna N. Ludzik
, Victoria E. Orfaly
, Jacob H. Nelson
, Jordan R. Gillespie
, Emilie A. Foltz
, Elizabeth G. Berry
, Alexandra Verdieck
, Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski
, Kelly C. Nelson
, Emily H. Smith
, Susan M. Swetter
, Sancy A. Leachman

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	539-541
Number of pages	3
Journal	Journal of Investigative Dermatology
Volume	146
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2025.08.009
State	Published - Feb 2026
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Artificial intelligence
Biopsy
Dermatologist
Primary care
Risk tolerance

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Dermatology
Cell Biology

Access to Document

10.1016/j.jid.2025.08.009

Cite this

Ng, J. W., Diehl, K. L., Petrie, T. C., Tobey, T. N., Stoos, E. R., Latour, E. J., Ludzik, J. N., Orfaly, V. E., Nelson, J. H., Gillespie, J. R., Foltz, E. A., Berry, E. G., Verdieck, A., Curiel-Lewandrowski, C., Nelson, K. C., Smith, E. H., Swetter, S. M., & Leachman, S. A. (2026). The Human Factor: Unpacking Biopsy Decision Variability that Artificial Intelligence Cannot Predict. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 146(2), 539-541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2025.08.009

Ng, JW, Diehl, KL, Petrie, TC, Tobey, TN, Stoos, ER, Latour, EJ, Ludzik, JN, Orfaly, VE, Nelson, JH, Gillespie, JR, Foltz, EA, Berry, EG, Verdieck, A, Curiel-Lewandrowski, C, Nelson, KC, Smith, EH, Swetter, SM & Leachman, SA 2026, 'The Human Factor: Unpacking Biopsy Decision Variability that Artificial Intelligence Cannot Predict', Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol. 146, no. 2, pp. 539-541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2025.08.009

@article{4149dfe399c14c0fa3ae45c0e4dcb4db,

title = "The Human Factor: Unpacking Biopsy Decision Variability that Artificial Intelligence Cannot Predict",

keywords = "Artificial intelligence, Biopsy, Dermatologist, Primary care, Risk tolerance",

author = "Ng, \{Justin W.\} and Diehl, \{Kyra L.\} and Petrie, \{Tracy C.\} and Tobey, \{Tayler N.\} and Stoos, \{Elizabeth R.\} and Latour, \{Emile J.\} and Ludzik, \{Joanna N.\} and Orfaly, \{Victoria E.\} and Nelson, \{Jacob H.\} and Gillespie, \{Jordan R.\} and Foltz, \{Emilie A.\} and Berry, \{Elizabeth G.\} and Alexandra Verdieck and Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski and Nelson, \{Kelly C.\} and Smith, \{Emily H.\} and Swetter, \{Susan M.\} and Leachman, \{Sancy A.\}",

year = "2026",

month = feb,

doi = "10.1016/j.jid.2025.08.009",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "146",

pages = "539--541",

journal = "Journal of Investigative Dermatology",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - The Human Factor

T2 - Unpacking Biopsy Decision Variability that Artificial Intelligence Cannot Predict

AU - Ng, Justin W.

AU - Diehl, Kyra L.

AU - Petrie, Tracy C.

AU - Tobey, Tayler N.

AU - Stoos, Elizabeth R.

AU - Latour, Emile J.

AU - Ludzik, Joanna N.

AU - Orfaly, Victoria E.

AU - Nelson, Jacob H.

AU - Gillespie, Jordan R.

AU - Foltz, Emilie A.

AU - Berry, Elizabeth G.

AU - Verdieck, Alexandra

AU - Curiel-Lewandrowski, Clara

AU - Nelson, Kelly C.

AU - Smith, Emily H.

AU - Swetter, Susan M.

AU - Leachman, Sancy A.

PY - 2026/2

Y1 - 2026/2

KW - Artificial intelligence

KW - Biopsy

KW - Dermatologist

KW - Primary care

KW - Risk tolerance

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105016607997

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105016607997#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.1016/j.jid.2025.08.009

DO - 10.1016/j.jid.2025.08.009

M3 - Article

C2 - 40848930

AN - SCOPUS:105016607997

SN - 0022-202X

VL - 146

SP - 539

EP - 541

JO - Journal of Investigative Dermatology

JF - Journal of Investigative Dermatology

IS - 2

ER -

The Human Factor: Unpacking Biopsy Decision Variability that Artificial Intelligence Cannot Predict

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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