The first hundred brown dwarfs discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

J. Davy Kirkpatrick; Michael C. Cushing; Christopher R. Gelino; Roger L. Griffith; Michael F. Skrutskie; Kenneth A. Marsh; Edward L. Wright; A. Mainzer; Peter R. Eisenhardt; Ian S. McLean; Maggie A. Thompson; James M. Bauer; Dominic J. Benford; Carrie R. Bridge; Sean E. Lake; Sara M. Petty; S. A. Stanford; Chao Wei Tsai; Vanessa Bailey; Charles A. Beichman; Joshua S. Bloom; John J. Bochanski; Adamj Burgasser; Peter L. Capak; Kelle L. Cruz; Philip M. Hinz; Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe; Russell P. Knox; Swarnima Manohar; Daniel Masters; Maria Morales-Calderón; Lisa A. Prato; Timothy J. Rodigas; Mara Salvato; Steven D. Schurr; Nicholas Z. Scoville; Robert A. Simcoe; Karl R. Stapelfeldt; Daniel Stern; Nathan D. Stock; William D. Vacca

doi:10.1088/0067-0049/197/2/19

The first hundred brown dwarfs discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

J. Davy Kirkpatrick, Michael C. Cushing, Christopher R. Gelino, Roger L. Griffith, Michael F. Skrutskie, Kenneth A. Marsh, Edward L. Wright, A. Mainzer, Peter R. Eisenhardt, Ian S. McLean, Maggie A. Thompson, James M. Bauer, Dominic J. Benford, Carrie R. Bridge, Sean E. Lake, Sara M. Petty, S. A. Stanford, Chao Wei Tsai, Vanessa Bailey, Charles A. BeichmanJoshua S. Bloom, John J. Bochanski, Adamj Burgasser, Peter L. Capak, Kelle L. Cruz, Philip M. Hinz, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Russell P. Knox, Swarnima Manohar, Daniel Masters, Maria Morales-Calderón, Lisa A. Prato, Timothy J. Rodigas, Mara Salvato, Steven D. Schurr, Nicholas Z. Scoville, Robert A. Simcoe, Karl R. Stapelfeldt, Daniel Stern, Nathan D. Stock, William D. Vacca

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

230 Scopus citations

Abstract

We present ground-based spectroscopic verification of 6 Y dwarfs (see also Cushing et al.), 89 T dwarfs, 8 L dwarfs, and 1 M dwarf identified by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Eighty of these are cold brown dwarfs with spectral types ≥T6, six of which have been announced earlier by Mainzer et al. and Burgasser et al. We present color-color and color-type diagrams showing the locus of M, L, T, and Y dwarfs in WISE color space. Near-infrared and, in a few cases, optical spectra are presented for these discoveries. Near-infrared classifications as late as early Y are presented and objects with peculiar spectra are discussed. Using these new discoveries, we are also able to extend the optical T dwarf classification scheme from T8 to T9. After deriving an absolute WISE 4.6 μm (W2) magnitude versus spectral type relation, we estimate spectrophotometric distances to our discoveries. We also use available astrometric measurements to provide preliminary trigonometric parallaxes to four of our discoveries, which have types of L9 pec (red), T8, T9, and Y0; all of these lie within 10pc of the Sun. The Y0 dwarf, WISE 1541-2250, is the closest at 2.8^+1.3 _-0.6pc; if this 2.8pc value persists after continued monitoring, WISE 1541-2250 will become the seventh closest stellar system to the Sun. Another 10 objects, with types between T6 and >Y0, have spectrophotometric distance estimates also placing them within 10pc. The closest of these, the T6 dwarf WISE 1506+7027, is believed to fall at a distance of 4.9pc. WISE multi-epoch positions supplemented with positional info primarily from the Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera allow us to calculate proper motions and tangential velocities for roughly one-half of the new discoveries. This work represents the first step by WISE to complete a full-sky, volume-limited census of late-T and Y dwarfs. Using early results from this census, we present preliminary, lower limits to the space density of these objects and discuss constraints on both the functional form of the mass function and the low-mass limit of star formation.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	19
Journal	Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series
Volume	197
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/197/2/19
State	Published - Dec 2011
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

brown dwarfs
infrared: stars
mass function
parallaxes
proper motions
solar neighborhood
stars: luminosity function

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Access to Document

10.1088/0067-0049/197/2/19

Cite this

Davy Kirkpatrick, J., Cushing, M. C., Gelino, C. R., Griffith, R. L., Skrutskie, M. F., Marsh, K. A., Wright, E. L., Mainzer, A., Eisenhardt, P. R., McLean, I. S., Thompson, M. A., Bauer, J. M., Benford, D. J., Bridge, C. R., Lake, S. E., Petty, S. M., Stanford, S. A., Tsai, C. W., Bailey, V., ... Vacca, W. D. (2011). The first hundred brown dwarfs discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series, 197(2), Article 19. https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/197/2/19

Davy Kirkpatrick, J, Cushing, MC, Gelino, CR, Griffith, RL, Skrutskie, MF, Marsh, KA, Wright, EL, Mainzer, A, Eisenhardt, PR, McLean, IS, Thompson, MA, Bauer, JM, Benford, DJ, Bridge, CR, Lake, SE, Petty, SM, Stanford, SA, Tsai, CW, Bailey, V, Beichman, CA, Bloom, JS, Bochanski, JJ, Burgasser, A, Capak, PL, Cruz, KL, Hinz, PM, Kartaltepe, JS, Knox, RP, Manohar, S, Masters, D, Morales-Calderón, M, Prato, LA, Rodigas, TJ, Salvato, M, Schurr, SD, Scoville, NZ, Simcoe, RA, Stapelfeldt, KR, Stern, D, Stock, ND & Vacca, WD 2011, 'The first hundred brown dwarfs discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)', Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series, vol. 197, no. 2, 19. https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/197/2/19

@article{5195f5244bae4557805edf6703482cf9,

title = "The first hundred brown dwarfs discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)",

abstract = "We present ground-based spectroscopic verification of 6 Y dwarfs (see also Cushing et al.), 89 T dwarfs, 8 L dwarfs, and 1 M dwarf identified by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Eighty of these are cold brown dwarfs with spectral types ≥T6, six of which have been announced earlier by Mainzer et al. and Burgasser et al. We present color-color and color-type diagrams showing the locus of M, L, T, and Y dwarfs in WISE color space. Near-infrared and, in a few cases, optical spectra are presented for these discoveries. Near-infrared classifications as late as early Y are presented and objects with peculiar spectra are discussed. Using these new discoveries, we are also able to extend the optical T dwarf classification scheme from T8 to T9. After deriving an absolute WISE 4.6 μm (W2) magnitude versus spectral type relation, we estimate spectrophotometric distances to our discoveries. We also use available astrometric measurements to provide preliminary trigonometric parallaxes to four of our discoveries, which have types of L9 pec (red), T8, T9, and Y0; all of these lie within 10pc of the Sun. The Y0 dwarf, WISE 1541-2250, is the closest at 2.8+1.3 -0.6pc; if this 2.8pc value persists after continued monitoring, WISE 1541-2250 will become the seventh closest stellar system to the Sun. Another 10 objects, with types between T6 and >Y0, have spectrophotometric distance estimates also placing them within 10pc. The closest of these, the T6 dwarf WISE 1506+7027, is believed to fall at a distance of 4.9pc. WISE multi-epoch positions supplemented with positional info primarily from the Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera allow us to calculate proper motions and tangential velocities for roughly one-half of the new discoveries. This work represents the first step by WISE to complete a full-sky, volume-limited census of late-T and Y dwarfs. Using early results from this census, we present preliminary, lower limits to the space density of these objects and discuss constraints on both the functional form of the mass function and the low-mass limit of star formation.",

keywords = "brown dwarfs, infrared: stars, mass function, parallaxes, proper motions, solar neighborhood, stars: luminosity function",

author = "{Davy Kirkpatrick}, J. and Cushing, {Michael C.} and Gelino, {Christopher R.} and Griffith, {Roger L.} and Skrutskie, {Michael F.} and Marsh, {Kenneth A.} and Wright, {Edward L.} and A. Mainzer and Eisenhardt, {Peter R.} and McLean, {Ian S.} and Thompson, {Maggie A.} and Bauer, {James M.} and Benford, {Dominic J.} and Bridge, {Carrie R.} and Lake, {Sean E.} and Petty, {Sara M.} and Stanford, {S. A.} and Tsai, {Chao Wei} and Vanessa Bailey and Beichman, {Charles A.} and Bloom, {Joshua S.} and Bochanski, {John J.} and Adamj Burgasser and Capak, {Peter L.} and Cruz, {Kelle L.} and Hinz, {Philip M.} and Kartaltepe, {Jeyhan S.} and Knox, {Russell P.} and Swarnima Manohar and Daniel Masters and Maria Morales-Calder{\'o}n and Prato, {Lisa A.} and Rodigas, {Timothy J.} and Mara Salvato and Schurr, {Steven D.} and Scoville, {Nicholas Z.} and Simcoe, {Robert A.} and Stapelfeldt, {Karl R.} and Daniel Stern and Stock, {Nathan D.} and Vacca, {William D.}",

year = "2011",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1088/0067-0049/197/2/19",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "197",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series",

issn = "0067-0049",

publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",

number = "2",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - The first hundred brown dwarfs discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

AU - Davy Kirkpatrick, J.

AU - Cushing, Michael C.

AU - Gelino, Christopher R.

AU - Griffith, Roger L.

AU - Skrutskie, Michael F.

AU - Marsh, Kenneth A.

AU - Wright, Edward L.

AU - Mainzer, A.

AU - Eisenhardt, Peter R.

AU - McLean, Ian S.

AU - Thompson, Maggie A.

AU - Bauer, James M.

AU - Benford, Dominic J.

AU - Bridge, Carrie R.

AU - Lake, Sean E.

AU - Petty, Sara M.

AU - Stanford, S. A.

AU - Tsai, Chao Wei

AU - Bailey, Vanessa

AU - Beichman, Charles A.

AU - Bloom, Joshua S.

AU - Bochanski, John J.

AU - Burgasser, Adamj

AU - Capak, Peter L.

AU - Cruz, Kelle L.

AU - Hinz, Philip M.

AU - Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.

AU - Knox, Russell P.

AU - Manohar, Swarnima

AU - Masters, Daniel

AU - Morales-Calderón, Maria

AU - Prato, Lisa A.

AU - Rodigas, Timothy J.

AU - Salvato, Mara

AU - Schurr, Steven D.

AU - Scoville, Nicholas Z.

AU - Simcoe, Robert A.

AU - Stapelfeldt, Karl R.

AU - Stern, Daniel

AU - Stock, Nathan D.

AU - Vacca, William D.

PY - 2011/12

Y1 - 2011/12

N2 - We present ground-based spectroscopic verification of 6 Y dwarfs (see also Cushing et al.), 89 T dwarfs, 8 L dwarfs, and 1 M dwarf identified by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Eighty of these are cold brown dwarfs with spectral types ≥T6, six of which have been announced earlier by Mainzer et al. and Burgasser et al. We present color-color and color-type diagrams showing the locus of M, L, T, and Y dwarfs in WISE color space. Near-infrared and, in a few cases, optical spectra are presented for these discoveries. Near-infrared classifications as late as early Y are presented and objects with peculiar spectra are discussed. Using these new discoveries, we are also able to extend the optical T dwarf classification scheme from T8 to T9. After deriving an absolute WISE 4.6 μm (W2) magnitude versus spectral type relation, we estimate spectrophotometric distances to our discoveries. We also use available astrometric measurements to provide preliminary trigonometric parallaxes to four of our discoveries, which have types of L9 pec (red), T8, T9, and Y0; all of these lie within 10pc of the Sun. The Y0 dwarf, WISE 1541-2250, is the closest at 2.8+1.3 -0.6pc; if this 2.8pc value persists after continued monitoring, WISE 1541-2250 will become the seventh closest stellar system to the Sun. Another 10 objects, with types between T6 and >Y0, have spectrophotometric distance estimates also placing them within 10pc. The closest of these, the T6 dwarf WISE 1506+7027, is believed to fall at a distance of 4.9pc. WISE multi-epoch positions supplemented with positional info primarily from the Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera allow us to calculate proper motions and tangential velocities for roughly one-half of the new discoveries. This work represents the first step by WISE to complete a full-sky, volume-limited census of late-T and Y dwarfs. Using early results from this census, we present preliminary, lower limits to the space density of these objects and discuss constraints on both the functional form of the mass function and the low-mass limit of star formation.

AB - We present ground-based spectroscopic verification of 6 Y dwarfs (see also Cushing et al.), 89 T dwarfs, 8 L dwarfs, and 1 M dwarf identified by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Eighty of these are cold brown dwarfs with spectral types ≥T6, six of which have been announced earlier by Mainzer et al. and Burgasser et al. We present color-color and color-type diagrams showing the locus of M, L, T, and Y dwarfs in WISE color space. Near-infrared and, in a few cases, optical spectra are presented for these discoveries. Near-infrared classifications as late as early Y are presented and objects with peculiar spectra are discussed. Using these new discoveries, we are also able to extend the optical T dwarf classification scheme from T8 to T9. After deriving an absolute WISE 4.6 μm (W2) magnitude versus spectral type relation, we estimate spectrophotometric distances to our discoveries. We also use available astrometric measurements to provide preliminary trigonometric parallaxes to four of our discoveries, which have types of L9 pec (red), T8, T9, and Y0; all of these lie within 10pc of the Sun. The Y0 dwarf, WISE 1541-2250, is the closest at 2.8+1.3 -0.6pc; if this 2.8pc value persists after continued monitoring, WISE 1541-2250 will become the seventh closest stellar system to the Sun. Another 10 objects, with types between T6 and >Y0, have spectrophotometric distance estimates also placing them within 10pc. The closest of these, the T6 dwarf WISE 1506+7027, is believed to fall at a distance of 4.9pc. WISE multi-epoch positions supplemented with positional info primarily from the Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera allow us to calculate proper motions and tangential velocities for roughly one-half of the new discoveries. This work represents the first step by WISE to complete a full-sky, volume-limited census of late-T and Y dwarfs. Using early results from this census, we present preliminary, lower limits to the space density of these objects and discuss constraints on both the functional form of the mass function and the low-mass limit of star formation.

KW - brown dwarfs

KW - infrared: stars

KW - mass function

KW - parallaxes

KW - proper motions

KW - solar neighborhood

KW - stars: luminosity function

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=83055188801&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=83055188801&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1088/0067-0049/197/2/19

DO - 10.1088/0067-0049/197/2/19

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:83055188801

SN - 0067-0049

VL - 197

JO - Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series

JF - Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series

IS - 2

M1 - 19

ER -

The first hundred brown dwarfs discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

First brown dwarfs discovered by WISE

Cite this

The first hundred brown dwarfs discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Datasets

First brown dwarfs discovered by WISE

Cite this