The Europa Imaging System (EIS) Investigation

E. P. Turtle; A. S. McEwen; G. W. Patterson; C. M. Ernst; C. M. Elder; K. A. Slack; S. E. Hawkins; J. McDermott; H. Meyer; R. DeMajistre; R. Espiritu; H. Seifert; J. Niewola; M. Bland; M. Becker; J. Centurelli; G. C. Collins; P. Corlies; H. Darlington; I. J. Daubar; C. Derr; C. Detelich; E. Donald; W. Edens; L. Fletcher; C. Gardner; F. Graham; C. J. Hansen; C. Haslebacher; A. G. Hayes; D. Humm; T. A. Hurford; R. L. Kirk; N. Kutsop; W. J. Lees; D. Lewis; S. London; A. Magner; M. Mills; A. C. Barr Mlinar; F. Morgan; F. Nimmo; A. Ocasio Milanes; S. Osterman; C. B. Phillips; A. Pommerol; L. Prockter; L. C. Quick; G. Robbins; J. M. Soderblom; B. Stewart; A. Stickle; S. S. Sutton; N. Thomas; I. Torres; O. J. Tucker; R. B. Van Auken; K. A. Wilk

doi:10.1007/s11214-024-01115-9

The Europa Imaging System (EIS) Investigation

E. P. Turtle, A. S. McEwen, G. W. Patterson, C. M. Ernst, C. M. Elder, K. A. Slack, S. E. Hawkins, J. McDermott, H. Meyer, R. DeMajistre, R. Espiritu, H. Seifert, J. Niewola, M. Bland, M. Becker, J. Centurelli, G. C. Collins, P. Corlies, H. Darlington, I. J. DaubarC. Derr, C. Detelich, E. Donald, W. Edens, L. Fletcher, C. Gardner, F. Graham, C. J. Hansen, C. Haslebacher, A. G. Hayes, D. Humm, T. A. Hurford, R. L. Kirk, N. Kutsop, W. J. Lees, D. Lewis, S. London, A. Magner, M. Mills, A. C. Barr Mlinar, F. Morgan, F. Nimmo, A. Ocasio Milanes, S. Osterman, C. B. Phillips, A. Pommerol, L. Prockter, L. C. Quick, G. Robbins, J. M. Soderblom, B. Stewart, A. Stickle, S. S. Sutton, N. Thomas, I. Torres, O. J. Tucker, R. B. Van Auken, K. A. Wilk

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

The Europa Imaging System (EIS) consists of a Narrow-Angle Camera (NAC) and a Wide-Angle Camera (WAC) that are designed to work together to address high-priority science objectives regarding Europa’s geology, composition, and the nature of its ice shell. EIS accommodates variable geometry and illumination during rapid, low-altitude flybys with both framing and pushbroom imaging capability using rapid-readout, 8-megapixel (4k × 2k) detectors. Color observations are acquired using pushbroom imaging with up to six broadband filters. The data processing units (DPUs) perform digital time delay integration (TDI) to enhance signal-to-noise ratios and use readout strategies to measure and correct spacecraft jitter. The NAC has a 2.3° × 1.2° field of view (FOV) with a 10-μrad instantaneous FOV (IFOV), thus achieving 0.5-m pixel scale over a swath that is 2 km wide and several km long from a range of 50 km. The NAC is mounted on a 2-axis gimbal, ±30° cross- and along-track, that enables independent targeting and near-global (≥90%) mapping of Europa at ≤100-m pixel scale (to date, only ∼15% of Europa has been imaged at ≤900 m/pixel), as well as stereo imaging from as close as 50-km altitude to generate digital terrain models (DTMs) with ≤4-m ground sample distance (GSD) and ≤0.5-m vertical precision. The NAC will also perform observations at long range to search for potential erupting plumes, achieving 10-km pixel scale at a distance of one million kilometers. The WAC has a 48° × 24° FOV with a 218-μrad IFOV, achieving 11-m pixel scale at the center of a 44-km-wide swath from a range of 50 km, and generating DTMs with 32-m GSD and ≤4-m vertical precision. The WAC is designed to acquire three-line pushbroom stereo and color swaths along flyby ground-tracks.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	91
Journal	Space Science Reviews
Volume	220
Issue number	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-024-01115-9
State	Published - Dec 2024

Keywords

Camera
Europa
Europa Clipper Mission
Icy satellite
Mapping
Ocean world
Plumes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.1007/s11214-024-01115-9

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Turtle, E. P., McEwen, A. S., Patterson, G. W., Ernst, C. M., Elder, C. M., Slack, K. A., Hawkins, S. E., McDermott, J., Meyer, H., DeMajistre, R., Espiritu, R., Seifert, H., Niewola, J., Bland, M., Becker, M., Centurelli, J., Collins, G. C., Corlies, P., Darlington, H., ... Wilk, K. A. (2024). The Europa Imaging System (EIS) Investigation. Space Science Reviews, 220(8), Article 91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-024-01115-9

Turtle, EP, McEwen, AS, Patterson, GW, Ernst, CM, Elder, CM, Slack, KA, Hawkins, SE, McDermott, J, Meyer, H, DeMajistre, R, Espiritu, R, Seifert, H, Niewola, J, Bland, M, Becker, M, Centurelli, J, Collins, GC, Corlies, P, Darlington, H, Daubar, IJ, Derr, C, Detelich, C, Donald, E, Edens, W, Fletcher, L, Gardner, C, Graham, F, Hansen, CJ, Haslebacher, C, Hayes, AG, Humm, D, Hurford, TA, Kirk, RL, Kutsop, N, Lees, WJ, Lewis, D, London, S, Magner, A, Mills, M, Barr Mlinar, AC, Morgan, F, Nimmo, F, Ocasio Milanes, A, Osterman, S, Phillips, CB, Pommerol, A, Prockter, L, Quick, LC, Robbins, G, Soderblom, JM, Stewart, B, Stickle, A, Sutton, SS, Thomas, N, Torres, I, Tucker, OJ, Van Auken, RB & Wilk, KA 2024, 'The Europa Imaging System (EIS) Investigation', Space Science Reviews, vol. 220, no. 8, 91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-024-01115-9

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title = "The Europa Imaging System (EIS) Investigation",

abstract = "The Europa Imaging System (EIS) consists of a Narrow-Angle Camera (NAC) and a Wide-Angle Camera (WAC) that are designed to work together to address high-priority science objectives regarding Europa{\textquoteright}s geology, composition, and the nature of its ice shell. EIS accommodates variable geometry and illumination during rapid, low-altitude flybys with both framing and pushbroom imaging capability using rapid-readout, 8-megapixel (4k × 2k) detectors. Color observations are acquired using pushbroom imaging with up to six broadband filters. The data processing units (DPUs) perform digital time delay integration (TDI) to enhance signal-to-noise ratios and use readout strategies to measure and correct spacecraft jitter. The NAC has a 2.3° × 1.2° field of view (FOV) with a 10-μrad instantaneous FOV (IFOV), thus achieving 0.5-m pixel scale over a swath that is 2 km wide and several km long from a range of 50 km. The NAC is mounted on a 2-axis gimbal, ±30° cross- and along-track, that enables independent targeting and near-global (≥90%) mapping of Europa at ≤100-m pixel scale (to date, only ∼15% of Europa has been imaged at ≤900 m/pixel), as well as stereo imaging from as close as 50-km altitude to generate digital terrain models (DTMs) with ≤4-m ground sample distance (GSD) and ≤0.5-m vertical precision. The NAC will also perform observations at long range to search for potential erupting plumes, achieving 10-km pixel scale at a distance of one million kilometers. The WAC has a 48° × 24° FOV with a 218-μrad IFOV, achieving 11-m pixel scale at the center of a 44-km-wide swath from a range of 50 km, and generating DTMs with 32-m GSD and ≤4-m vertical precision. The WAC is designed to acquire three-line pushbroom stereo and color swaths along flyby ground-tracks.",

keywords = "Camera, Europa, Europa Clipper Mission, Icy satellite, Mapping, Ocean world, Plumes",

author = "Turtle, {E. P.} and McEwen, {A. S.} and Patterson, {G. W.} and Ernst, {C. M.} and Elder, {C. M.} and Slack, {K. A.} and Hawkins, {S. E.} and J. McDermott and H. Meyer and R. DeMajistre and R. Espiritu and H. Seifert and J. Niewola and M. Bland and M. Becker and J. Centurelli and Collins, {G. C.} and P. Corlies and H. Darlington and Daubar, {I. J.} and C. Derr and C. Detelich and E. Donald and W. Edens and L. Fletcher and C. Gardner and F. Graham and Hansen, {C. J.} and C. Haslebacher and Hayes, {A. G.} and D. Humm and Hurford, {T. A.} and Kirk, {R. L.} and N. Kutsop and Lees, {W. J.} and D. Lewis and S. London and A. Magner and M. Mills and Barr Mlinar, {A. C.} and F. Morgan and F. Nimmo and A. Ocasio Milanes and S. Osterman and Phillips, {C. B.} and A. Pommerol and L. Prockter and Quick, {L. C.} and G. Robbins and Soderblom, {J. M.} and B. Stewart and A. Stickle and Sutton, {S. S.} and N. Thomas and I. Torres and Tucker, {O. J.} and {Van Auken}, {R. B.} and Wilk, {K. A.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2024.",

year = "2024",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1007/s11214-024-01115-9",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "220",

journal = "Space Science Reviews",

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T1 - The Europa Imaging System (EIS) Investigation

AU - Turtle, E. P.

AU - McEwen, A. S.

AU - Patterson, G. W.

AU - Ernst, C. M.

AU - Elder, C. M.

AU - Slack, K. A.

AU - Hawkins, S. E.

AU - McDermott, J.

AU - Meyer, H.

AU - DeMajistre, R.

AU - Espiritu, R.

AU - Seifert, H.

AU - Niewola, J.

AU - Bland, M.

AU - Becker, M.

AU - Centurelli, J.

AU - Collins, G. C.

AU - Corlies, P.

AU - Darlington, H.

AU - Daubar, I. J.

AU - Derr, C.

AU - Detelich, C.

AU - Donald, E.

AU - Edens, W.

AU - Fletcher, L.

AU - Gardner, C.

AU - Graham, F.

AU - Hansen, C. J.

AU - Haslebacher, C.

AU - Hayes, A. G.

AU - Humm, D.

AU - Hurford, T. A.

AU - Kirk, R. L.

AU - Kutsop, N.

AU - Lees, W. J.

AU - Lewis, D.

AU - London, S.

AU - Magner, A.

AU - Mills, M.

AU - Barr Mlinar, A. C.

AU - Morgan, F.

AU - Nimmo, F.

AU - Ocasio Milanes, A.

AU - Osterman, S.

AU - Phillips, C. B.

AU - Pommerol, A.

AU - Prockter, L.

AU - Quick, L. C.

AU - Robbins, G.

AU - Soderblom, J. M.

AU - Stewart, B.

AU - Stickle, A.

AU - Sutton, S. S.

AU - Thomas, N.

AU - Torres, I.

AU - Tucker, O. J.

AU - Van Auken, R. B.

AU - Wilk, K. A.

PY - 2024/12

Y1 - 2024/12

N2 - The Europa Imaging System (EIS) consists of a Narrow-Angle Camera (NAC) and a Wide-Angle Camera (WAC) that are designed to work together to address high-priority science objectives regarding Europa’s geology, composition, and the nature of its ice shell. EIS accommodates variable geometry and illumination during rapid, low-altitude flybys with both framing and pushbroom imaging capability using rapid-readout, 8-megapixel (4k × 2k) detectors. Color observations are acquired using pushbroom imaging with up to six broadband filters. The data processing units (DPUs) perform digital time delay integration (TDI) to enhance signal-to-noise ratios and use readout strategies to measure and correct spacecraft jitter. The NAC has a 2.3° × 1.2° field of view (FOV) with a 10-μrad instantaneous FOV (IFOV), thus achieving 0.5-m pixel scale over a swath that is 2 km wide and several km long from a range of 50 km. The NAC is mounted on a 2-axis gimbal, ±30° cross- and along-track, that enables independent targeting and near-global (≥90%) mapping of Europa at ≤100-m pixel scale (to date, only ∼15% of Europa has been imaged at ≤900 m/pixel), as well as stereo imaging from as close as 50-km altitude to generate digital terrain models (DTMs) with ≤4-m ground sample distance (GSD) and ≤0.5-m vertical precision. The NAC will also perform observations at long range to search for potential erupting plumes, achieving 10-km pixel scale at a distance of one million kilometers. The WAC has a 48° × 24° FOV with a 218-μrad IFOV, achieving 11-m pixel scale at the center of a 44-km-wide swath from a range of 50 km, and generating DTMs with 32-m GSD and ≤4-m vertical precision. The WAC is designed to acquire three-line pushbroom stereo and color swaths along flyby ground-tracks.

AB - The Europa Imaging System (EIS) consists of a Narrow-Angle Camera (NAC) and a Wide-Angle Camera (WAC) that are designed to work together to address high-priority science objectives regarding Europa’s geology, composition, and the nature of its ice shell. EIS accommodates variable geometry and illumination during rapid, low-altitude flybys with both framing and pushbroom imaging capability using rapid-readout, 8-megapixel (4k × 2k) detectors. Color observations are acquired using pushbroom imaging with up to six broadband filters. The data processing units (DPUs) perform digital time delay integration (TDI) to enhance signal-to-noise ratios and use readout strategies to measure and correct spacecraft jitter. The NAC has a 2.3° × 1.2° field of view (FOV) with a 10-μrad instantaneous FOV (IFOV), thus achieving 0.5-m pixel scale over a swath that is 2 km wide and several km long from a range of 50 km. The NAC is mounted on a 2-axis gimbal, ±30° cross- and along-track, that enables independent targeting and near-global (≥90%) mapping of Europa at ≤100-m pixel scale (to date, only ∼15% of Europa has been imaged at ≤900 m/pixel), as well as stereo imaging from as close as 50-km altitude to generate digital terrain models (DTMs) with ≤4-m ground sample distance (GSD) and ≤0.5-m vertical precision. The NAC will also perform observations at long range to search for potential erupting plumes, achieving 10-km pixel scale at a distance of one million kilometers. The WAC has a 48° × 24° FOV with a 218-μrad IFOV, achieving 11-m pixel scale at the center of a 44-km-wide swath from a range of 50 km, and generating DTMs with 32-m GSD and ≤4-m vertical precision. The WAC is designed to acquire three-line pushbroom stereo and color swaths along flyby ground-tracks.

KW - Camera

KW - Europa

KW - Europa Clipper Mission

KW - Icy satellite

KW - Mapping

KW - Ocean world

KW - Plumes

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The Europa Imaging System (EIS) Investigation

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