TY - JOUR
T1 - The draft genome of whitefly Bemisia tabaci MEAM1, a global crop pest, provides novel insights into virus transmission, host adaptation, and insecticide resistance
AU - Chen, Wenbo
AU - Hasegawa, Daniel K.
AU - Kaur, Navneet
AU - Kliot, Adi
AU - Pinheiro, Patricia Valle
AU - Luan, Junbo
AU - Stensmyr, Marcus C.
AU - Zheng, Yi
AU - Liu, Wenli
AU - Sun, Honghe
AU - Xu, Yimin
AU - Luo, Yuan
AU - Kruse, Angela
AU - Yang, Xiaowei
AU - Kontsedalov, Svetlana
AU - Lebedev, Galina
AU - Fisher, Tonja W.
AU - Nelson, David R.
AU - Hunter, Wayne B.
AU - Brown, Judith K.
AU - Jander, Georg
AU - Cilia, Michelle
AU - Douglas, Angela E.
AU - Ghanim, Murad
AU - Simmons, Alvin M.
AU - Wintermantel, William M.
AU - Ling, Kai Shu
AU - Fei, Zhangjun
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Dr. Jim Giovannoni for critical reading of this manuscript, Drs. Ping Wang and Lei Gao for useful discussions, and Andrea Gilliard, April Bisner, Art Cortez, and Laura Hladky for technical assistance; we also thank the Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future (Cornell University) for financial support. This work was supported by grants from the USDA ARS Area-wide project as a part of the i5k initiative to KSL and WMW, the USDA-ARS Office of International Research Program from a grant provided by the USAID Feed-the-Future program (58-0210-3-012) to KSL, WMW, and ZF, NSF (IOS-1110080) to ZF, and NSF (IOS-1109989 and IOS-1354309) to MC, USDA NIFA (2016-67013-24756) to GJ and AED, a Swedish Research Council U-forsk grant to MCS, and Israel Science Foundation (1127/13) to MG.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Chen et al.
PY - 2016/12/14
Y1 - 2016/12/14
N2 - Background: The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is among the 100 worst invasive species in the world. As one of the most important crop pests and virus vectors, B. tabaci causes substantial crop losses and poses a serious threat to global food security. Results: We report the 615-Mb high-quality genome sequence of B. tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), the first genome sequence in the Aleyrodidae family, which contains 15,664 protein-coding genes. The B. tabaci genome is highly divergent from other sequenced hemipteran genomes, sharing no detectable synteny. A number of known detoxification gene families, including cytochrome P450s and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, are significantly expanded in B. tabaci. Other expanded gene families, including cathepsins, large clusters of tandemly duplicated B. tabaci-specific genes, and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs), were found to be associated with virus acquisition and transmission and/or insecticide resistance, likely contributing to the global invasiveness and efficient virus transmission capacity of B. tabaci. The presence of 142 horizontally transferred genes from bacteria or fungi in the B. tabaci genome, including genes encoding hopanoid/sterol synthesis and xenobiotic detoxification enzymes that are not present in other insects, offers novel insights into the unique biological adaptations of this insect such as polyphagy and insecticide resistance. Interestingly, two adjacent bacterial pantothenate biosynthesis genes, panB and panC, have been co-transferred into B. tabaci and fused into a single gene that has acquired introns during its evolution. Conclusions: The B. tabaci genome contains numerous genetic novelties, including expansions in gene families associated with insecticide resistance, detoxification and virus transmission, as well as numerous horizontally transferred genes from bacteria and fungi. We believe these novelties likely have shaped B. tabaci as a highly invasive polyphagous crop pest and efficient vector of plant viruses. The genome serves as a reference for resolving the B. tabaci cryptic species complex, understanding fundamental biological novelties, and providing valuable genetic information to assist the development of novel strategies for controlling whiteflies and the viruses they transmit.
AB - Background: The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is among the 100 worst invasive species in the world. As one of the most important crop pests and virus vectors, B. tabaci causes substantial crop losses and poses a serious threat to global food security. Results: We report the 615-Mb high-quality genome sequence of B. tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), the first genome sequence in the Aleyrodidae family, which contains 15,664 protein-coding genes. The B. tabaci genome is highly divergent from other sequenced hemipteran genomes, sharing no detectable synteny. A number of known detoxification gene families, including cytochrome P450s and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, are significantly expanded in B. tabaci. Other expanded gene families, including cathepsins, large clusters of tandemly duplicated B. tabaci-specific genes, and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs), were found to be associated with virus acquisition and transmission and/or insecticide resistance, likely contributing to the global invasiveness and efficient virus transmission capacity of B. tabaci. The presence of 142 horizontally transferred genes from bacteria or fungi in the B. tabaci genome, including genes encoding hopanoid/sterol synthesis and xenobiotic detoxification enzymes that are not present in other insects, offers novel insights into the unique biological adaptations of this insect such as polyphagy and insecticide resistance. Interestingly, two adjacent bacterial pantothenate biosynthesis genes, panB and panC, have been co-transferred into B. tabaci and fused into a single gene that has acquired introns during its evolution. Conclusions: The B. tabaci genome contains numerous genetic novelties, including expansions in gene families associated with insecticide resistance, detoxification and virus transmission, as well as numerous horizontally transferred genes from bacteria and fungi. We believe these novelties likely have shaped B. tabaci as a highly invasive polyphagous crop pest and efficient vector of plant viruses. The genome serves as a reference for resolving the B. tabaci cryptic species complex, understanding fundamental biological novelties, and providing valuable genetic information to assist the development of novel strategies for controlling whiteflies and the viruses they transmit.
KW - Bemisia tabaci
KW - Draft genome
KW - Insecticide resistance
KW - Polyphagy
KW - Virus transmission
KW - Whitefly
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85006014913&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85006014913&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s12915-016-0321-y
DO - 10.1186/s12915-016-0321-y
M3 - Article
C2 - 27974049
AN - SCOPUS:85006014913
VL - 14
JO - BMC Biology
JF - BMC Biology
SN - 1741-7007
IS - 1
M1 - 110
ER -