TY - JOUR
T1 - The case for strangulation in low-mass hosts
T2 - DDO 113
AU - Garling, Christopher T.
AU - Peter, Annika H.G.
AU - Kochanek, Christopher S.
AU - Sand, David J.
AU - Crnojević, Denija
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank Chris Hirata, Adam Leroy, Cassi Lochhaas, and Amy Sardone for helpful discussions regarding quenching scenarios. We also thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments. CG, CSK, and AHGP are supported by the NSF Grant No. AST-1615838. CSK is also supported by NSF grants AST-1515876, AST-1515927 and AST-1814440. Research by D.J.S. is supported by NSF grants AST-1821987, AST-1821967, AST-1813708, AST-1813466, and AST-1908972. Research by DC is supported by NSF grant AST-1814208, and by NASA through grants number HST-GO-15426.007-A and HST-GO-15332.004-A from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The LBT is an international collaboration among institutions in the United States, Italy and Germany. LBT Corporation partners are: The University of Arizona on behalf of the Arizona university system; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Italy; LBT Beteiligungsgesellschaft, Germany, representing the Max-Planck Society, the Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, and Heidelberg University; The Ohio State University, and The Research Corporation, on behalf of The University of Notre Dame, University of Minnesota and University of Virginia. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System.
Funding Information:
We would like to thank Chris Hirata, Adam Leroy, Cassi Lochhaas, and Amy Sardone for helpful discussions regarding quenching scenarios. We also thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments. CG, CSK, and AHGP are supported by the NSF Grant No. AST-1615838. CSK is also supported by NSF grants AST-1515876, AST-1515927 and AST-1814440. Research by D.J.S. is supported by NSF grants AST-1821987, AST-1821967, AST-1813708, AST-1813466, and AST-1908972. Research by DC is supported by NSF grant AST-1814208, and by NASA through grants number HST-GO-15426.007-A and HST-GO-15332.004-A from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Author(s)
PY - 2020/2/1
Y1 - 2020/2/1
N2 - We investigate the case for environmental quenching of the Fornax-mass satellite DDO 113, which lies only 9 kpc in projection from its host, the Large-Magellanic-Cloud-mass galaxy NGC 4214. DDO 113 was quenched about 1 Gyr ago and is virtually gas-free, while analogs in the field are predominantly star-forming and gas-rich. We use deep imaging obtained with the Large Binocular Telescope to show that DDO 113 exhibits no evidence of tidal disruption to a surface brightness of μV ∼ 29 mag arcsec−2, based on both unresolved emission and resolved stars. Mass-analogs of DDO 113 in Illustris-1 with similar hosts, small projected separations, and no significant tidal stripping first fell into their host halo 2-6 Gyr ago, showing that tidal features (or lack thereof) can be used to constrain infall times in systems where there are few other constraints on the orbit of the satellite. With the infall time setting the clock for environmental quenching mechanisms, we investigate the plausibility of several such mechanisms. We find that strangulation, the cessation of cold gas inflows, is likely the dominant quenching mechanism for DDO 113, requiring a time-averaged mass-loading factor of η = 6-11 for star-formation-driven outflows that is consistent with theoretical and observational constraints. Motivated by recent numerical work, we connect DDO 113's strangulation to the presence of a cool circumgalactic medium (CGM) around NGC 4214. This discovery shows that the CGM of low-mass galaxies can affect their satellites significantly and motivates further work on understanding the baryon cycle in low-mass galaxies.
AB - We investigate the case for environmental quenching of the Fornax-mass satellite DDO 113, which lies only 9 kpc in projection from its host, the Large-Magellanic-Cloud-mass galaxy NGC 4214. DDO 113 was quenched about 1 Gyr ago and is virtually gas-free, while analogs in the field are predominantly star-forming and gas-rich. We use deep imaging obtained with the Large Binocular Telescope to show that DDO 113 exhibits no evidence of tidal disruption to a surface brightness of μV ∼ 29 mag arcsec−2, based on both unresolved emission and resolved stars. Mass-analogs of DDO 113 in Illustris-1 with similar hosts, small projected separations, and no significant tidal stripping first fell into their host halo 2-6 Gyr ago, showing that tidal features (or lack thereof) can be used to constrain infall times in systems where there are few other constraints on the orbit of the satellite. With the infall time setting the clock for environmental quenching mechanisms, we investigate the plausibility of several such mechanisms. We find that strangulation, the cessation of cold gas inflows, is likely the dominant quenching mechanism for DDO 113, requiring a time-averaged mass-loading factor of η = 6-11 for star-formation-driven outflows that is consistent with theoretical and observational constraints. Motivated by recent numerical work, we connect DDO 113's strangulation to the presence of a cool circumgalactic medium (CGM) around NGC 4214. This discovery shows that the CGM of low-mass galaxies can affect their satellites significantly and motivates further work on understanding the baryon cycle in low-mass galaxies.
KW - Galaxies: dwarf
KW - Galaxies: evolution
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U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stz3526
DO - 10.1093/mnras/stz3526
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85082711217
SN - 0035-8711
VL - 492
SP - 1713
EP - 1730
JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
IS - 2
ER -