@inproceedings{c5348487ed944a6491f29fcf03ffda39,
title = "The Carbon Balance Observatory (CARBO) instrument for remote sensing of greenhouse gases from space",
abstract = "We present the current development of the Carbon Balance Observatory (CARBO). CARBO is a wide-swath mapping, low Earth orbit (LEO) new generation of instruments that expands on the ground-breaking CO2 and Solar Induced Fluorescence (SIF) measurements pioneered by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2/3) by adding CH4 and CO detection. The instrument's spatial coverage is delivered at 2 km by 2 km resolution with a field-of-view of 10° to 15° from LEO for a ∼200 km wide swath. It achieves roughly 20x better spatial coverage than the OCO-2 instrument, and 3x better Solar Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) detection sensitivity, in a smaller package. CARBO will measure CO2 at <1.5 ppm, CH4 at <7 ppb, CO at <5 ppb and SIF < 20%. The measurement of CO2/CH4/CO/SIF at these concentrations will significantly increase our ability to disentangle carbon fluxes into their constituent components. CARBO utilizes innovative immersion grating technology and enables high resolving power spectroscopy (roughly 20,000) in a smaller and lighter package that is more cost effective than current space-based CO2 remote sensing instruments. CARBO modules cover 4 different spectral ranges (from 740 nm to 2.3μm), where two channels will be built and field tested. CARBO's modular architecture reduces implementation risk, accelerates access to space, and extends opportunities to a more diverse set of platforms and launch vehicles. CARBO significantly improves our understanding of the global carbon cycle. Here we discuss an overview of the design elements and focus on the expected radiometric performance of channels 1 (∼760 nm) and 2 (∼1600 nm).",
keywords = "Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Earth-observing instrumentation, GHG, Greenhouse gas, Imaging spectrometer, Immersion grating, Methane (CH4), Remote sensing, Wide field of view imaging",
author = "Zareh, {Shannon Kian} and Miller, {Charles E.} and Andre Wong and Peter Sullivan and Mayer Rud and Yuri Beregovski and Wilson, {Daniel W.} and {Kent Wallace}, J. and Glenn Sellar and Didier Keymeulen and Brooks, {Cynthia B.} and Annmarie Eldering and Dejian Fu and Amy Mainzer",
note = "Funding Information: This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. {\textcopyright} 2019. All rights reserved. The work was supported by the Instrument Incubator Program of NASA under ESTO office. Funding Information: The decadal survey 2017 for Earth Science and Applications from Space identified observing systems priorities for targeted observable of greenhouse gases, addressing the quantification of global and regional point sources and identification of sources and sinks for the CO2 and methane fluxes and trends [2] In order to better understand and quantify the carbon climate, the Carbon Balance Observatory (CARBO) instrument has been proposed as the next-generation wide-swath OCO-like instrument with new technologies and capabilities for the space-based remote sensing of carbon climate. CARBO is currently under development at JPL with collaboration with UT Austin and is funded by NASA under the Instrument Incubator Program, IIP [8]. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 SPIE.; Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XXIV 2019 ; Conference date: 11-09-2019 Through 12-09-2019",
year = "2019",
doi = "10.1117/12.2539078",
language = "English (US)",
series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",
publisher = "SPIE",
editor = "Adolfo Comeron and Kassianov, {Evgueni I.} and Klaus Schafer and Picard, {Richard H.} and Konradin Weber and Singh, {Upendra N.}",
booktitle = "Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XXIV",
}