The Black Hole Explorer: Photon Ring Science, Detection and Shape Measurement

Alexandru Lupsasca, Alejandro Cárdenas-Avendaño, Daniel C.M. Palumbo, Michael D. Johnson, Samuel E. Gralla, Daniel P. Marrone, Peter Galison, Paul Tiede, Lennox Keeble

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contribution

6 Scopus citations

Abstract

General relativity predicts that black hole images ought to display a bright, thin (and as-of-yet-unresolved) ring. This “photon ring” is produced by photons that explore the strong gravity of the black hole, flowing along trajectories that experience extreme light bending within a few Schwarzschild radii of the horizon before escaping. The shape of the photon ring is largely insensitive to the precise details of the emission from the astronomical source surrounding the black hole and therefore provides a direct probe of the Kerr geometry and its parameters. The Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) is a proposed space-based experiment targeting the supermassive black holes M87* and Sgr A* with radio-interferometric observations at frequencies of 100 GHz through 300 GHz and from an orbital distance of ≲ 30,000 km. This design will enable measurements of the photon rings around both M87* and Sgr A*, confirming the Kerr nature of these sources and delivering sharp estimates of their masses and spins.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Title of host publicationSpace Telescopes and Instrumentation 2024
Subtitle of host publicationOptical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave
EditorsLaura E. Coyle, Shuji Matsuura, Marshall D. Perrin
PublisherSPIE
ISBN (Electronic)9781510675070
DOIs
StatePublished - 2024
EventSpace Telescopes and Instrumentation 2024: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave - Yokohama, Japan
Duration: Jun 16 2024Jun 22 2024

Publication series

NameProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume13092
ISSN (Print)0277-786X
ISSN (Electronic)1996-756X

Conference

ConferenceSpace Telescopes and Instrumentation 2024: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave
Country/TerritoryJapan
CityYokohama
Period6/16/246/22/24

Keywords

  • AGN
  • Black Hole
  • EHT
  • Interferometry
  • Photon Ring
  • Space Telescope
  • VLBI

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Computer Science Applications
  • Applied Mathematics
  • Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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