@article{99b097c0f18846b39434c7c81c6b41ab,
title = "The architecture of the LkCa 15 transitional disk revealed by high-contrast imaging",
abstract = "We present four new epochs of Ks-band images of the young pre-transitional disk around LkCa 15 and perform extensive forward modeling to derive the physical parameters of the disk. We find indications of strongly anisotropic scattering (Henyey-Greenstein g = 0.67-0.11 +0.18) and a significantly tapered gap edge ({"}round wall{"}) but see no evidence that the inner disk, whose existence is predicted by the spectral energy distribution, shadows the outer regions of the disk visible in our images. We marginally confirm the existence of an offset between the disk center and the star along the line of nodes; however, the magnitude of this offset (x = 27-20+19 mas) is notably lower than that found in our earlier H-band images. Intriguingly, we also find an offset of y=69 -25+49 mas perpendicular to the line of nodes at high significance. If confirmed by future observations, this would imply a highly elliptical - or otherwise asymmetric - disk gap with an effective eccentricity of e ≈ 0.3. Such asymmetry would most likely be the result of dynamical sculpting by one or more unseen planets in the system. Finally, we find that the bright arc of scattered light we see in direct imaging observations originates from the near side of the disk and appears brighter than the far side because of strong forward scattering.",
keywords = "Planetary systems, Planets and satellites: formation, Protoplanetary disks, Stars: individual: LkCa 15, Stars: pre-main sequence",
author = "C. Thalmann and Mulders, {G. D.} and K. Hodapp and M. Janson and Grady, {C. A.} and M. Min and {De Juan Ovelar}, M. and J. Carson and T. Brandt and M. Bonnefoy and Mcelwain, {M. W.} and J. Leisenring and C. Dominik and T. Henning and M. Tamura",
note = "Funding Information: We thank F. Meru and S. Quanz for useful discussions, and the anonymous referee for helpful comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. C.Th. is supported by the European Commission under the Marie Curie IEF grant No. 329875. C.A.G. is supported by the US National Science Foundation under Award No. 1008440 and through the NASA Origins of Solar Systems program on NNG13PB64P. M.M. acknowledges funding from the EU FP7-2011 under Grant Agreement No. 284405. J.C. is supported by the US National Science Foundation under Award No. 1009203. This work is based on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), Minist{\'e}rio da Ci{\^e}ncia, Tecnologia e Inova{\c c}{\~a}o (Brazil) and Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog{\'i}a e Innovaci{\'o}n Productiva (Argentina). The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain.",
year = "2014",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/201322915",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "566",
journal = "Astronomy and astrophysics",
issn = "0004-6361",
publisher = "EDP Sciences",
}