TY - JOUR
T1 - Terrestrial stress analogs for spaceflight associated immune system dysregulation
AU - Crucian, Brian
AU - Simpson, Richard J.
AU - Mehta, Satish
AU - Stowe, Raymond
AU - Chouker, Alexander
AU - Hwang, Shen An
AU - Actor, Jeffrey K.
AU - Salam, Alex P.
AU - Pierson, Duane
AU - Sams, Clarence
N1 - Funding Information:
Part of this work was supported by National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, grant 1UL1RR029876-01 and the NASA Flight Analogs Project (B. Crucian); by NASA grant NNX12AB48G to RJ Simpson and by NASA grant NNJ04HD75G to RP Stowe. A. Chouker was supported by the European Space Agency (ESA) ELIPS 3 and 4 programs and the German National Space Program (DLR, #50WB0719 and #WB0919).
PY - 2014/7
Y1 - 2014/7
N2 - Recent data indicates that dysregulation of the immune system occurs and persists during spaceflight. Impairment of immunity, especially in conjunction with elevated radiation exposure and limited clinical care, may increase certain health risks during exploration-class deep space missions (i.e. to an asteroid or Mars). Research must thoroughly characterize immune dysregulation in astronauts to enable development of a monitoring strategy and validate any necessary countermeasures. Although the International Space Station affords an excellent platform for on-orbit research, access may be constrained by technical, logistical vehicle or funding limitations. Therefore, terrestrial spaceflight analogs will continue to serve as lower cost, easier access platforms to enable basic human physiology studies. Analog work can triage potential in-flight experiments and thus result in more focused on-orbit studies, enhancing overall research efficiency. Terrestrial space analogs generally replicate some of the physiological or psychological stress responses associated with spaceflight. These include the use of human test subjects in a laboratory setting (i.e. exercise, bed rest, confinement, circadian misalignment) and human remote deployment analogs (Antarctica winterover, undersea, etc.) that incorporate confinement, isolation, extreme environment, physiological mission stress and disrupted circadian rhythms. While bed rest has been used to examine the effects of physical deconditioning, radiation and microgravity may only be simulated in animal or microgravity cell culture (clinorotation) analogs. This article will characterize the array of terrestrial analogs for spaceflight immune dysregulation, the current evidence base for each, and interpret the analog catalog in the context of acute and chronic stress.
AB - Recent data indicates that dysregulation of the immune system occurs and persists during spaceflight. Impairment of immunity, especially in conjunction with elevated radiation exposure and limited clinical care, may increase certain health risks during exploration-class deep space missions (i.e. to an asteroid or Mars). Research must thoroughly characterize immune dysregulation in astronauts to enable development of a monitoring strategy and validate any necessary countermeasures. Although the International Space Station affords an excellent platform for on-orbit research, access may be constrained by technical, logistical vehicle or funding limitations. Therefore, terrestrial spaceflight analogs will continue to serve as lower cost, easier access platforms to enable basic human physiology studies. Analog work can triage potential in-flight experiments and thus result in more focused on-orbit studies, enhancing overall research efficiency. Terrestrial space analogs generally replicate some of the physiological or psychological stress responses associated with spaceflight. These include the use of human test subjects in a laboratory setting (i.e. exercise, bed rest, confinement, circadian misalignment) and human remote deployment analogs (Antarctica winterover, undersea, etc.) that incorporate confinement, isolation, extreme environment, physiological mission stress and disrupted circadian rhythms. While bed rest has been used to examine the effects of physical deconditioning, radiation and microgravity may only be simulated in animal or microgravity cell culture (clinorotation) analogs. This article will characterize the array of terrestrial analogs for spaceflight immune dysregulation, the current evidence base for each, and interpret the analog catalog in the context of acute and chronic stress.
KW - Cytokines
KW - Exercise
KW - Immunity
KW - Spaceflight
KW - Stress
KW - T cells
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U2 - 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.01.011
DO - 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.01.011
M3 - Review article
C2 - 24462949
AN - SCOPUS:84902331182
SN - 0889-1591
VL - 39
SP - 23
EP - 32
JO - Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
JF - Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
ER -