Temperature and voltage measurement in quantum systems far from equilibrium

Physics & Astronomy

• electrical measurement 76%
• temperature measurement 72%
• population inversion 63%
• probes 31%
• temperature 23%
• cooling 18%
• thermodynamics 18%
• characterization 14%
• electric potential 14%
• electrons 11%
• interactions 10%

Engineering & Materials Science

• Voltage measurement 100%
• Temperature measurement 84%
• Temperature 31%
• Electrons 26%
• Heat losses 26%
• Thermodynamics 22%
• Electric potential 13%

Chemical Compounds

• Voltage 57%
• Probe 24%
• Thermoelectricity 22%
• Dissipation 21%
• Nonequilibrium 21%
• Heat 14%
• Electron Particle 10%