Surfactive stabilization of multi-walled carbon nanotube dispersions with dissolved humic substances

Mark A. Chappell; Aaron J. George; Katerina M. Dontsova; Beth E. Porter; Cynthia L. Price; Pingheng Zhou; Eizi Morikawa; Alan J. Kennedy; Jeffery A. Steevens

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.09.039

Surfactive stabilization of multi-walled carbon nanotube dispersions with dissolved humic substances

Mark A. Chappell, Aaron J. George, Katerina M. Dontsova, Beth E. Porter, Cynthia L. Price, Pingheng Zhou, Eizi Morikawa, Alan J. Kennedy, Jeffery A. Steevens

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

91 Scopus citations

Abstract

Soil humic substances (HS) stabilize carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersions, a mechanism we hypothesized arose from the surfactive nature of HS. Experiments dispersing multi-walled CNT in solutions of dissolved Aldrich humic acid (HA) or water-extractable Catlin soil HS demonstrated enhanced stability at 150 and 300 mg L^-1 added Aldrich HA and Catlin HS, respectively, corresponding with decreased CNT mean particle diameter (MPD) and polydispersivity (PD) of 250 nm and 0.3 for Aldrich HA and 450 nm and 0.35 for Catlin HS. Analogous trends in MPD and PD were observed with addition of the surfactants Brij 35, Triton X-405, and SDS, corresponding to surfactant sorption maximum. NEXAFS characterization showed that Aldrich HA contained highly surfactive domains while Catlin soil possessed a mostly carbohydrate-based structure. This work demonstrates that the chemical structure of humic materials in natural waters is directly linked to their surfactive ability to disperse CNT released into the environment.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1081-1087
Number of pages	7
Journal	Environmental Pollution
Volume	157
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.09.039
State	Published - Apr 2009

Keywords

Carbon nanotubes
Humic substances
Surfactants

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Toxicology
Pollution
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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10.1016/j.envpol.2008.09.039

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title = "Surfactive stabilization of multi-walled carbon nanotube dispersions with dissolved humic substances",

abstract = "Soil humic substances (HS) stabilize carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersions, a mechanism we hypothesized arose from the surfactive nature of HS. Experiments dispersing multi-walled CNT in solutions of dissolved Aldrich humic acid (HA) or water-extractable Catlin soil HS demonstrated enhanced stability at 150 and 300 mg L-1 added Aldrich HA and Catlin HS, respectively, corresponding with decreased CNT mean particle diameter (MPD) and polydispersivity (PD) of 250 nm and 0.3 for Aldrich HA and 450 nm and 0.35 for Catlin HS. Analogous trends in MPD and PD were observed with addition of the surfactants Brij 35, Triton X-405, and SDS, corresponding to surfactant sorption maximum. NEXAFS characterization showed that Aldrich HA contained highly surfactive domains while Catlin soil possessed a mostly carbohydrate-based structure. This work demonstrates that the chemical structure of humic materials in natural waters is directly linked to their surfactive ability to disperse CNT released into the environment.",

keywords = "Carbon nanotubes, Humic substances, Surfactants",

author = "Chappell, {Mark A.} and George, {Aaron J.} and Dontsova, {Katerina M.} and Porter, {Beth E.} and Price, {Cynthia L.} and Pingheng Zhou and Eizi Morikawa and Kennedy, {Alan J.} and Steevens, {Jeffery A.}",

note = "Funding Information: The tests described and the resulting data presented herein, unless otherwise noted, were obtained from research conducted under the US Army In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center. The authors express their appreciation to Robert Kirgan and Anthony Bednar, Environmental Laboratory, US Army Corps of Engineers, and Charlotte Hayes, SpecPro, Inc., for their analysis of Triton X and SDS surfactants, and the helpful comments of two anonymous reviewers. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information. Appendix ",

year = "2009",

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doi = "10.1016/j.envpol.2008.09.039",

language = "English (US)",

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journal = "Environmental Pollution",

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AU - Chappell, Mark A.

AU - George, Aaron J.

AU - Dontsova, Katerina M.

AU - Porter, Beth E.

AU - Price, Cynthia L.

AU - Zhou, Pingheng

AU - Morikawa, Eizi

AU - Kennedy, Alan J.

AU - Steevens, Jeffery A.

N1 - Funding Information: The tests described and the resulting data presented herein, unless otherwise noted, were obtained from research conducted under the US Army In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center. The authors express their appreciation to Robert Kirgan and Anthony Bednar, Environmental Laboratory, US Army Corps of Engineers, and Charlotte Hayes, SpecPro, Inc., for their analysis of Triton X and SDS surfactants, and the helpful comments of two anonymous reviewers. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information. Appendix

PY - 2009/4

Y1 - 2009/4

N2 - Soil humic substances (HS) stabilize carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersions, a mechanism we hypothesized arose from the surfactive nature of HS. Experiments dispersing multi-walled CNT in solutions of dissolved Aldrich humic acid (HA) or water-extractable Catlin soil HS demonstrated enhanced stability at 150 and 300 mg L-1 added Aldrich HA and Catlin HS, respectively, corresponding with decreased CNT mean particle diameter (MPD) and polydispersivity (PD) of 250 nm and 0.3 for Aldrich HA and 450 nm and 0.35 for Catlin HS. Analogous trends in MPD and PD were observed with addition of the surfactants Brij 35, Triton X-405, and SDS, corresponding to surfactant sorption maximum. NEXAFS characterization showed that Aldrich HA contained highly surfactive domains while Catlin soil possessed a mostly carbohydrate-based structure. This work demonstrates that the chemical structure of humic materials in natural waters is directly linked to their surfactive ability to disperse CNT released into the environment.

AB - Soil humic substances (HS) stabilize carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersions, a mechanism we hypothesized arose from the surfactive nature of HS. Experiments dispersing multi-walled CNT in solutions of dissolved Aldrich humic acid (HA) or water-extractable Catlin soil HS demonstrated enhanced stability at 150 and 300 mg L-1 added Aldrich HA and Catlin HS, respectively, corresponding with decreased CNT mean particle diameter (MPD) and polydispersivity (PD) of 250 nm and 0.3 for Aldrich HA and 450 nm and 0.35 for Catlin HS. Analogous trends in MPD and PD were observed with addition of the surfactants Brij 35, Triton X-405, and SDS, corresponding to surfactant sorption maximum. NEXAFS characterization showed that Aldrich HA contained highly surfactive domains while Catlin soil possessed a mostly carbohydrate-based structure. This work demonstrates that the chemical structure of humic materials in natural waters is directly linked to their surfactive ability to disperse CNT released into the environment.

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KW - Surfactants

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Surfactive stabilization of multi-walled carbon nanotube dispersions with dissolved humic substances

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