Sub-aqueous sulfur volcanoes at Waiotapu, New Zealand

Stephen Grimes; David Rickard; Patrick Browne; Stuart Simmons; Timothy Jull

doi:10.1016/S0375-6505(99)00020-6

Sub-aqueous sulfur volcanoes at Waiotapu, New Zealand

Stephen Grimes, David Rickard, Patrick Browne, Stuart Simmons, Timothy Jull

Geosciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

Exhumed, sub-aqueous sulfur mounds occur in the Waiotapu geothermal area, New Zealand. The extinct mounds are <2 m high and composed of small (<0.5 cm) hollow spheres, and occasional teardrop-shaped globules. They are located within a drained valley that until recently was connected to Lake Whangioterangi. They were formed a maximum of 820 ± 80 years BP as a result of the rapid sub-aqueous deposition of sulfur globules, formed when fumarolic gases discharged through molten sulfur pools. Similar globules are now being formed by the discharge of fumarolic gases through a sub-aqueous molten sulfur pool in Lake Whangioterangi.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	729-738
Number of pages	10
Journal	Geothermics
Volume	28
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6505(99)00020-6
State	Published - Dec 1999

Keywords

Fumaroles
Globules
New Zealand
Sulfur

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
Geology

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10.1016/S0375-6505(99)00020-6

Cite this

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title = "Sub-aqueous sulfur volcanoes at Waiotapu, New Zealand",

abstract = "Exhumed, sub-aqueous sulfur mounds occur in the Waiotapu geothermal area, New Zealand. The extinct mounds are <2 m high and composed of small (<0.5 cm) hollow spheres, and occasional teardrop-shaped globules. They are located within a drained valley that until recently was connected to Lake Whangioterangi. They were formed a maximum of 820 ± 80 years BP as a result of the rapid sub-aqueous deposition of sulfur globules, formed when fumarolic gases discharged through molten sulfur pools. Similar globules are now being formed by the discharge of fumarolic gases through a sub-aqueous molten sulfur pool in Lake Whangioterangi.",

keywords = "Fumaroles, Globules, New Zealand, Sulfur",

author = "Stephen Grimes and David Rickard and Patrick Browne and Stuart Simmons and Timothy Jull",

note = "Funding Information: This research was funded by NERC studentship GT4/94/425/G. The authors would like to thank the owners of the Waiotapu Thermal Wonderland for allowing them to sample the sulfur mounds. They also thank Halldor Armannsson and Alfred Truesdell for helpful review comments.",

year = "1999",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1016/S0375-6505(99)00020-6",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "28",

pages = "729--738",

journal = "Geothermics",

issn = "0375-6505",

publisher = "Elsevier Limited",

number = "6",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Sub-aqueous sulfur volcanoes at Waiotapu, New Zealand

AU - Grimes, Stephen

AU - Rickard, David

AU - Browne, Patrick

AU - Simmons, Stuart

AU - Jull, Timothy

N1 - Funding Information: This research was funded by NERC studentship GT4/94/425/G. The authors would like to thank the owners of the Waiotapu Thermal Wonderland for allowing them to sample the sulfur mounds. They also thank Halldor Armannsson and Alfred Truesdell for helpful review comments.

PY - 1999/12

Y1 - 1999/12

N2 - Exhumed, sub-aqueous sulfur mounds occur in the Waiotapu geothermal area, New Zealand. The extinct mounds are <2 m high and composed of small (<0.5 cm) hollow spheres, and occasional teardrop-shaped globules. They are located within a drained valley that until recently was connected to Lake Whangioterangi. They were formed a maximum of 820 ± 80 years BP as a result of the rapid sub-aqueous deposition of sulfur globules, formed when fumarolic gases discharged through molten sulfur pools. Similar globules are now being formed by the discharge of fumarolic gases through a sub-aqueous molten sulfur pool in Lake Whangioterangi.

AB - Exhumed, sub-aqueous sulfur mounds occur in the Waiotapu geothermal area, New Zealand. The extinct mounds are <2 m high and composed of small (<0.5 cm) hollow spheres, and occasional teardrop-shaped globules. They are located within a drained valley that until recently was connected to Lake Whangioterangi. They were formed a maximum of 820 ± 80 years BP as a result of the rapid sub-aqueous deposition of sulfur globules, formed when fumarolic gases discharged through molten sulfur pools. Similar globules are now being formed by the discharge of fumarolic gases through a sub-aqueous molten sulfur pool in Lake Whangioterangi.

KW - Fumaroles

KW - Globules

KW - New Zealand

KW - Sulfur

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U2 - 10.1016/S0375-6505(99)00020-6

DO - 10.1016/S0375-6505(99)00020-6

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:0033369668

VL - 28

SP - 729

EP - 738

JO - Geothermics

JF - Geothermics

SN - 0375-6505

IS - 6

ER -

Sub-aqueous sulfur volcanoes at Waiotapu, New Zealand

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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