Study of cosmic ray composition in the knee region using multiple muon events in the Soudan 2 detector

S. M. Kasahara; W. W.M. Allison; G. J. Alner; D. S. Ayres; W. L. Barrett; C. R. Bode; P. M. Border; C. B. Brooks; J. H. Cobb; D. J.A. Cockerill; R. J. Cotton; H. Courant; D. M. DeMuth; B. Ewen; T. H. Fields; H. R. Gallagher; M. C. Goodman; R. W. Gran; R. N. Gray; K. Johns; T. Kafka; W. Leeson; P. J. Litchfield; N. P. Longley; M. J. Lowe; W. A. Mann; M. L. Marshak; E. N. May; R. H. Milburn; W. H. Miller; L. Mualem; A. Napier; W. Oliver; G. F. Pearce; E. A. Peterson; L. E. Price; D. M. Roback; K. Ruddick; D. J. Schmid; J. Schneps; M. H. Schub; R. V. Seidlein; M. A. Shupe; N. Sundaralingam; J. L. Thron; H. J. Trost; J. L. Uretsky; V. Vassiliev; G. Villaume; S. P. Wakely; D. Wall; S. J. Werkema; N. West

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.55.5282

Study of cosmic ray composition in the knee region using multiple muon events in the Soudan 2 detector

S. M. Kasahara, W. W.M. Allison, G. J. Alner, D. S. Ayres, W. L. Barrett, C. R. Bode, P. M. Border, C. B. Brooks, J. H. Cobb, D. J.A. Cockerill, R. J. Cotton, H. Courant, D. M. DeMuth, B. Ewen, T. H. Fields, H. R. Gallagher, M. C. Goodman, R. W. Gran, R. N. Gray, K. JohnsT. Kafka, W. Leeson, P. J. Litchfield, N. P. Longley, M. J. Lowe, W. A. Mann, M. L. Marshak, E. N. May, R. H. Milburn, W. H. Miller, L. Mualem, A. Napier, W. Oliver, G. F. Pearce, E. A. Peterson, L. E. Price, D. M. Roback, K. Ruddick, D. J. Schmid, J. Schneps, M. H. Schub, R. V. Seidlein, M. A. Shupe, N. Sundaralingam, J. L. Thron, H. J. Trost, J. L. Uretsky, V. Vassiliev, G. Villaume, S. P. Wakely, D. Wall, S. J. Werkema, N. West

Physics

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Abstract

Deep underground muon events recorded by the Soudan 2 detector, located at a depth of 2100 m of water equivalent, have been used to infer the nuclear composition of cosmic rays in the “knee” region of the cosmic ray energy spectrum. The observed muon multiplicity distribution favors a composition model with a substantial proton content in the energy region [Formula presented]–[Formula presented] GeV/nucleus.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	5282-5294
Number of pages	13
Journal	Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology
Volume	55
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.55.5282
State	Published - 1997

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)

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10.1103/PhysRevD.55.5282

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Kasahara, S. M., Allison, W. W. M., Alner, G. J., Ayres, D. S., Barrett, W. L., Bode, C. R., Border, P. M., Brooks, C. B., Cobb, J. H., Cockerill, D. J. A., Cotton, R. J., Courant, H., DeMuth, D. M., Ewen, B., Fields, T. H., Gallagher, H. R., Goodman, M. C., Gran, R. W., Gray, R. N., ... West, N. (1997). Study of cosmic ray composition in the knee region using multiple muon events in the Soudan 2 detector. Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology, 55(9), 5282-5294. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.55.5282

Kasahara, SM, Allison, WWM, Alner, GJ, Ayres, DS, Barrett, WL, Bode, CR, Border, PM, Brooks, CB, Cobb, JH, Cockerill, DJA, Cotton, RJ, Courant, H, DeMuth, DM, Ewen, B, Fields, TH, Gallagher, HR, Goodman, MC, Gran, RW, Gray, RN, Johns, K, Kafka, T, Leeson, W, Litchfield, PJ, Longley, NP, Lowe, MJ, Mann, WA, Marshak, ML, May, EN, Milburn, RH, Miller, WH, Mualem, L, Napier, A, Oliver, W, Pearce, GF, Peterson, EA, Price, LE, Roback, DM, Ruddick, K, Schmid, DJ, Schneps, J, Schub, MH, Seidlein, RV, Shupe, MA, Sundaralingam, N, Thron, JL, Trost, HJ, Uretsky, JL, Vassiliev, V, Villaume, G, Wakely, SP, Wall, D, Werkema, SJ & West, N 1997, 'Study of cosmic ray composition in the knee region using multiple muon events in the Soudan 2 detector', Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 5282-5294. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.55.5282

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title = "Study of cosmic ray composition in the knee region using multiple muon events in the Soudan 2 detector",

abstract = "Deep underground muon events recorded by the Soudan 2 detector, located at a depth of 2100 m of water equivalent, have been used to infer the nuclear composition of cosmic rays in the “knee” region of the cosmic ray energy spectrum. The observed muon multiplicity distribution favors a composition model with a substantial proton content in the energy region [Formula presented]–[Formula presented] GeV/nucleus.",

author = "Kasahara, \{S. M.\} and Allison, \{W. W.M.\} and Alner, \{G. J.\} and Ayres, \{D. S.\} and Barrett, \{W. L.\} and Bode, \{C. R.\} and Border, \{P. M.\} and Brooks, \{C. B.\} and Cobb, \{J. H.\} and Cockerill, \{D. J.A.\} and Cotton, \{R. J.\} and H. Courant and DeMuth, \{D. M.\} and B. Ewen and Fields, \{T. H.\} and Gallagher, \{H. R.\} and Goodman, \{M. C.\} and Gran, \{R. W.\} and Gray, \{R. N.\} and K. Johns and T. Kafka and W. Leeson and Litchfield, \{P. J.\} and Longley, \{N. P.\} and Lowe, \{M. J.\} and Mann, \{W. A.\} and Marshak, \{M. L.\} and May, \{E. N.\} and Milburn, \{R. H.\} and Miller, \{W. H.\} and L. Mualem and A. Napier and W. Oliver and Pearce, \{G. F.\} and Peterson, \{E. A.\} and Price, \{L. E.\} and Roback, \{D. M.\} and K. Ruddick and Schmid, \{D. J.\} and J. Schneps and Schub, \{M. H.\} and Seidlein, \{R. V.\} and Shupe, \{M. A.\} and N. Sundaralingam and Thron, \{J. L.\} and Trost, \{H. J.\} and Uretsky, \{J. L.\} and V. Vassiliev and G. Villaume and Wakely, \{S. P.\} and D. Wall and Werkema, \{S. J.\} and N. West",

year = "1997",

doi = "10.1103/PhysRevD.55.5282",

language = "English (US)",

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T1 - Study of cosmic ray composition in the knee region using multiple muon events in the Soudan 2 detector

AU - Kasahara, S. M.

AU - Allison, W. W.M.

AU - Alner, G. J.

AU - Ayres, D. S.

AU - Barrett, W. L.

AU - Bode, C. R.

AU - Border, P. M.

AU - Brooks, C. B.

AU - Cobb, J. H.

AU - Cockerill, D. J.A.

AU - Cotton, R. J.

AU - Courant, H.

AU - DeMuth, D. M.

AU - Ewen, B.

AU - Fields, T. H.

AU - Gallagher, H. R.

AU - Goodman, M. C.

AU - Gran, R. W.

AU - Gray, R. N.

AU - Johns, K.

AU - Kafka, T.

AU - Leeson, W.

AU - Litchfield, P. J.

AU - Longley, N. P.

AU - Lowe, M. J.

AU - Mann, W. A.

AU - Marshak, M. L.

AU - May, E. N.

AU - Milburn, R. H.

AU - Miller, W. H.

AU - Mualem, L.

AU - Napier, A.

AU - Oliver, W.

AU - Pearce, G. F.

AU - Peterson, E. A.

AU - Price, L. E.

AU - Roback, D. M.

AU - Ruddick, K.

AU - Schmid, D. J.

AU - Schneps, J.

AU - Schub, M. H.

AU - Seidlein, R. V.

AU - Shupe, M. A.

AU - Sundaralingam, N.

AU - Thron, J. L.

AU - Trost, H. J.

AU - Uretsky, J. L.

AU - Vassiliev, V.

AU - Villaume, G.

AU - Wakely, S. P.

AU - Wall, D.

AU - Werkema, S. J.

AU - West, N.

PY - 1997

Y1 - 1997

N2 - Deep underground muon events recorded by the Soudan 2 detector, located at a depth of 2100 m of water equivalent, have been used to infer the nuclear composition of cosmic rays in the “knee” region of the cosmic ray energy spectrum. The observed muon multiplicity distribution favors a composition model with a substantial proton content in the energy region [Formula presented]–[Formula presented] GeV/nucleus.

AB - Deep underground muon events recorded by the Soudan 2 detector, located at a depth of 2100 m of water equivalent, have been used to infer the nuclear composition of cosmic rays in the “knee” region of the cosmic ray energy spectrum. The observed muon multiplicity distribution favors a composition model with a substantial proton content in the energy region [Formula presented]–[Formula presented] GeV/nucleus.

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JO - Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology

JF - Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology

IS - 9

ER -

Study of cosmic ray composition in the knee region using multiple muon events in the Soudan 2 detector

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