TY - JOUR
T1 - Structure and development of antennae in a moth, Manduca sexta
AU - Sanes, Joshua R.
AU - Hildebrand, John G.
N1 - Funding Information:
We are extremely grateful t,o Dr. U. J. McMahan for his valuable advice, assistance, and criticism throughout the course of this work. We thank J. Gagliardi, E. Livingston, S. Jewett, and S. Wilson for their assistance; Drs. A. Yee and G. Olsen and the Department of Anatomy for help with and use of the scanning electron microscope; L. Meszoly for drawing reconstructions; and Dr. C. M. Williams for supplying Manduca eggs. Drs. L. Cherbas, P. Cherbas, E. Slifer, and J. Truman provided helpful advice in early stages of this work. This research was supported by USPHS Grant No. ROl NS-11010. an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellowship to J.H., an Established Investigatorship of the American Heart Association to J.H., and a grant from the Milton Fund of Harvard University. J.S. was a predoctoral trainee supported by USPHS Research Training Grant No. MH 07084.
PY - 1976/7/15
Y1 - 1976/7/15
N2 - The antenna of the moth, Manduca sexta, comprises two small basal segments and a long (2 cm) flagellum, which is divided into nearly 80 annuli. The annuli bear cuticular scales and small sensory organs, sensilla. A trachea, a blood vessel, and two nerve trunks run through the lumen of the antenna and into the head. Sensilla are arranged in an orderly pattern that is repeated on each flagellar annulus. Each flagellum bears about 105 sensilla, which contain about 2.5 × 105 primary sensory neurons. Clumps of undifferentiated cells (imaginal disks), present in the larva, form pupal antennae during the larval-pupal molt. During the subsequent metamorphic development of the adult, cell divisions, changes in cell shape, and cellular differentiation transform pupal into adult antennae. Sensilla and scales arise and differentiate in the antenna during metamorphosis; regions in which sensilla and scales will arise can be recognized before overt differentiation occurs. All of the flagellar annuli develop synchronously. The dense innervation and neuronal simplicity of antennal flagella, as well as their synchronous development at a late and accessible stage in the animal's life cycle, suit them for studies of neuronal differentiation.
AB - The antenna of the moth, Manduca sexta, comprises two small basal segments and a long (2 cm) flagellum, which is divided into nearly 80 annuli. The annuli bear cuticular scales and small sensory organs, sensilla. A trachea, a blood vessel, and two nerve trunks run through the lumen of the antenna and into the head. Sensilla are arranged in an orderly pattern that is repeated on each flagellar annulus. Each flagellum bears about 105 sensilla, which contain about 2.5 × 105 primary sensory neurons. Clumps of undifferentiated cells (imaginal disks), present in the larva, form pupal antennae during the larval-pupal molt. During the subsequent metamorphic development of the adult, cell divisions, changes in cell shape, and cellular differentiation transform pupal into adult antennae. Sensilla and scales arise and differentiate in the antenna during metamorphosis; regions in which sensilla and scales will arise can be recognized before overt differentiation occurs. All of the flagellar annuli develop synchronously. The dense innervation and neuronal simplicity of antennal flagella, as well as their synchronous development at a late and accessible stage in the animal's life cycle, suit them for studies of neuronal differentiation.
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U2 - 10.1016/0012-1606(76)90144-5
DO - 10.1016/0012-1606(76)90144-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 955260
AN - SCOPUS:0017186436
SN - 0012-1606
VL - 51
SP - 282
EP - 299
JO - Developmental biology
JF - Developmental biology
IS - 2
ER -