Structure-activity relationships of a series of [D-Ala2]deltorphin I and II analogues; in vitro blood-brain barrier permeability and stability

Sarah A. Thomas, Thomas J. Abbruscato, Vincent S. Hau, Terrence J. Gillespie, Joseph Zsigo, Victor J. Hruby, Thomas P. Davis

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

37 Scopus citations

Abstract

[D-Ala2]deltorphins are enzymatically stable, amphibian heptapeptides that have a higher affinity and selectivity for deltaopioid receptors than any endogenous mammalian compound known. This study investigated the in vitro blood-brain barrier permeability, using primary bovine brain microvessel endothelium culture, and the resistance to enzymatic degradation, in mouse 15% brain membrane homogenates and 100% plasma, of [D-Ala2]deltorphin I, [D- Ala2]deltorphin II and several analogues. Derivatives were designed with the addition of N-terminal neutral and basic amino acids or with alterations of the amino acids present within the deltorphin sequences. The results indicated that the N-terminal sequence and the amino acids in position 4 and 5 are critical to deltorphin analogue BBB permeability and biological stability, i.e., t 1/4 brain; 4.8 hr- [D-Ala2]deltorphin I; >15 hr- [D-Ala2, Ser4, D-Ala5]deltorphin. Although, no analogue was found to increase the BBB permeability coefficient (PC; x 10-4 cm/min) of the parent compounds ([D-Ala2]deltorphin II, PC = 23.49 ± 2.42) analogues were identified: [Arg0, D-Ala2]deltorphin II, PC = 19.06 ± 3.73 and [Pro-1, Pro0, D- Ala2]deltorphin II, PC = 22.22 ± 5.93; which had similar permeability coefficients, even though they had larger molecular weights and, in the case of the cationic pro-drug, a significantly lower lipophilicity. These analogues provide directions in the development of future pro-drugs for the treatment of pain and this study further clarifies the structure-activity relationship of the deltorphins.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)817-825
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Volume281
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - May 1997

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Molecular Medicine
  • Pharmacology

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