TY - JOUR
T1 - Structure-activity relationships of a series of [D-Ala2]deltorphin I and II analogues; in vitro blood-brain barrier permeability and stability
AU - Thomas, Sarah A.
AU - Abbruscato, Thomas J.
AU - Hau, Vincent S.
AU - Gillespie, Terrence J.
AU - Zsigo, Joseph
AU - Hruby, Victor J.
AU - Davis, Thomas P.
PY - 1997/5
Y1 - 1997/5
N2 - [D-Ala2]deltorphins are enzymatically stable, amphibian heptapeptides that have a higher affinity and selectivity for deltaopioid receptors than any endogenous mammalian compound known. This study investigated the in vitro blood-brain barrier permeability, using primary bovine brain microvessel endothelium culture, and the resistance to enzymatic degradation, in mouse 15% brain membrane homogenates and 100% plasma, of [D-Ala2]deltorphin I, [D- Ala2]deltorphin II and several analogues. Derivatives were designed with the addition of N-terminal neutral and basic amino acids or with alterations of the amino acids present within the deltorphin sequences. The results indicated that the N-terminal sequence and the amino acids in position 4 and 5 are critical to deltorphin analogue BBB permeability and biological stability, i.e., t 1/4 brain; 4.8 hr- [D-Ala2]deltorphin I; >15 hr- [D-Ala2, Ser4, D-Ala5]deltorphin. Although, no analogue was found to increase the BBB permeability coefficient (PC; x 10-4 cm/min) of the parent compounds ([D-Ala2]deltorphin II, PC = 23.49 ± 2.42) analogues were identified: [Arg0, D-Ala2]deltorphin II, PC = 19.06 ± 3.73 and [Pro-1, Pro0, D- Ala2]deltorphin II, PC = 22.22 ± 5.93; which had similar permeability coefficients, even though they had larger molecular weights and, in the case of the cationic pro-drug, a significantly lower lipophilicity. These analogues provide directions in the development of future pro-drugs for the treatment of pain and this study further clarifies the structure-activity relationship of the deltorphins.
AB - [D-Ala2]deltorphins are enzymatically stable, amphibian heptapeptides that have a higher affinity and selectivity for deltaopioid receptors than any endogenous mammalian compound known. This study investigated the in vitro blood-brain barrier permeability, using primary bovine brain microvessel endothelium culture, and the resistance to enzymatic degradation, in mouse 15% brain membrane homogenates and 100% plasma, of [D-Ala2]deltorphin I, [D- Ala2]deltorphin II and several analogues. Derivatives were designed with the addition of N-terminal neutral and basic amino acids or with alterations of the amino acids present within the deltorphin sequences. The results indicated that the N-terminal sequence and the amino acids in position 4 and 5 are critical to deltorphin analogue BBB permeability and biological stability, i.e., t 1/4 brain; 4.8 hr- [D-Ala2]deltorphin I; >15 hr- [D-Ala2, Ser4, D-Ala5]deltorphin. Although, no analogue was found to increase the BBB permeability coefficient (PC; x 10-4 cm/min) of the parent compounds ([D-Ala2]deltorphin II, PC = 23.49 ± 2.42) analogues were identified: [Arg0, D-Ala2]deltorphin II, PC = 19.06 ± 3.73 and [Pro-1, Pro0, D- Ala2]deltorphin II, PC = 22.22 ± 5.93; which had similar permeability coefficients, even though they had larger molecular weights and, in the case of the cationic pro-drug, a significantly lower lipophilicity. These analogues provide directions in the development of future pro-drugs for the treatment of pain and this study further clarifies the structure-activity relationship of the deltorphins.
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U2 - 10.1016/s0022-3565(24)36674-1
DO - 10.1016/s0022-3565(24)36674-1
M3 - Article
C2 - 9152390
AN - SCOPUS:0030911575
SN - 0022-3565
VL - 281
SP - 817
EP - 825
JO - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
JF - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
IS - 2
ER -