@article{f477247f600f4f3ea64e6cb18168b538,
title = "Structural changes of tailless bacteriophage Φx174 during penetration of bacterial cell walls",
abstract = "Unlike tailed bacteriophages, which use a preformed tail for transporting their genomes into a host bacterium, the ssDNA bacteriophage ΦX174 is tailless. Using cryo-electron microscopy and time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering, we show that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) form bilayers that interact with ΦX174 at an icosahedral fivefold vertex and induce single-stranded (ss) DNA genome ejection. The structures of ΦX174 complexed with LPS have been determined for the pre- and post-ssDNA ejection states. The ejection is initiated by the loss of the G protein spike that encounters the LPS, followed by conformational changes of two polypeptide loops on the major capsid F proteins. One of these loops mediates viral attachment, and the other participates in making the fivefold channel at the vertex contacting the LPS.",
keywords = "Bacteriophage, Cryo-EM, DNA ejection, Lipopolysaccharide, ΦX174",
author = "Yingyuan Sun and Roznowski, \{Aaron P.\} and Tokuda, \{Joshua M.\} and Thomas Klose and Alexander Mauney and Lois Pollack and Fane, \{Bentley A.\} and Rossmann, \{Michael G.\}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Yue Liu and Lei Sun for helpful discussions, Seong ha Park for assistance in interpreting SAXS data, and Valorie Bowman (Purdue ElectronMicroscopy Facility), Weifeng Shang and Srinivas Chakravarthy [Advanced Photon Source (APS) sector 18], and Richard Gillilan and Arthur Woll [Cornell High-Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS)] for help and advice. We also thank Sheryl Kelly for help in preparing this manuscript. Preliminary data were acquired at APS, a US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science user facility operated by Argonne National Laboratory, supported by the US DOE under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. CHESS is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (DMR01332208) and the National Institutes of Health/ National Institute of General Medical Sciences. This research was supported by NSF Grant MCB-1515260 (to M.G.R.), NSF Grant MCB-1408217 (to B.A.F.), and US Department of Agriculture Hatch Funds awarded to the University of Arizona and the BIO5 Institute (to B.A.F.). A.M. was supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant DGE-1650441. Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank Yue Liu and Lei Sun for helpful discussions, Seong ha Park for assistance in interpreting SAXS data, and Valorie Bowman (Purdue Electron Microscopy Facility), Weifeng Shang and Srinivas Chakravarthy [Advanced Photon Source (APS) sector 18], and Richard Gillilan and Arthur Woll [Cornell High-Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS)] for help and advice. We also thank Sheryl Kelly for help in preparing this manuscript. Preliminary data were acquired at APS, a US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science user facility operated by Argonne National Laboratory, supported by the US DOE under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. CHESS is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (DMR01332208) and the National Institutes of Health/ National Institute of General Medical Sciences. This research was supported by NSF Grant MCB-1515260 (to M.G.R.), NSF Grant MCB-1408217 (to B.A.F.), and US Department of Agriculture Hatch Funds awarded to the University of Arizona and the BIO5 Institute (to B.A.F.). A.M. was supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant DGE-1650441.",
year = "2017",
month = dec,
day = "26",
doi = "10.1073/pnas.1716614114",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "114",
pages = "13708--13713",
journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
issn = "0027-8424",
publisher = "National Academy of Sciences",
number = "52",
}