@article{d268eeec1414480dbc9aafcef29c1d11,
title = "Standoff detection of chemical plumes from high explosive open detonations using a swept-wavelength external cavity quantum cascade laser",
abstract = "A swept-wavelength external cavity quantum cascade laser (ECQCL) is used to perform standoff detection of combustion gases in a plume generated from an outdoor high-explosive (HE) open detonation. The swept-ECQCL system was located at a standoff distance of 830 m from a 41 kg charge of LX-14 (polymer-bonded high explosive) and was used to measure the infrared transmission/absorption through the post-detonation plume as it propagated through the beam path. The swept-ECQCL was operated continuously to record broadband absorption spectra at a 200 Hz rate over a spectral range from 2050 to 2230 cm-1 (4.48-4.88 μm). Fitting of measured spectra was used to determine time-resolved column densities of CO, CO2, H2O, and N2O. Analysis of visible video imagery was used to provide timing correlations and to estimate plume dimensions, from which gas mixing ratios were estimated. Measured emission factors and modified combustion efficiency show good agreement with previously reported values.",
author = "Phillips, {Mark C.} and Harilal, {Sivanandan S.} and Jeremy Yeak and {Jason Jones}, R. and Sonia Wharton and Bernacki, {Bruce E.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Nuclear Security Administration, Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation R&D Office and the Department of Energy Phase I SBIR program (No. DE-SC0019855). The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by the Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. We thank the many researchers and staff at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Site 300 for conducting HE and site operations. The authors acknowledge important interdisciplinary collaboration with scientists and engineers from LANL, LLNL, MSTS, PNNL, and SNL. The authors Mark Phillips and Jeremy Yeak are an employee and owner, respectively, of a commercial entity Opticslah, LLC. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Author(s).",
year = "2020",
month = oct,
day = "28",
doi = "10.1063/5.0023228",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "128",
journal = "Journal of Applied Physics",
issn = "0021-8979",
publisher = "American Institute of Physics Publising LLC",
number = "16",
}