Standard potentials of the silver + silver chloride electrode from 5 to 45 °C and the thermodynamic properties of hydrochloric acid in 95 mass per cent isopropanol

Electromotive-force measurements of the cells of the type: Pt | H₂ | HCI (m) in isopropanol + water | AgCI | Ag. at nine different temperatures in the range 5 to 45°C have been used to evaluate (i) the standard e.m.f. of the cell with 95 mass per cent isopropanol by a theoretically justified polynomial curve fitting technique, (ii) the mean activity coefficient of hydrochloric acid, (iii) the primary medium effect, (iv) the relative partial molar enthalpy and heat capacity of HCl, (v) the thermodynamic quantities ΔG°_t, ΔS°_t, and ΔH°_t accompanying the transfer of hydrochloric acid from water to 95 mass per cent isopropanol. The non-electrostatic (chemical) effect of the solvents on the transfer process has been obtained by subtracting the electrostatic Gibbs free energy calculated by the Born equation from the total transfer quantities. The positive value of ΔG° supports the view that the transfer of HCl from water to the mixed solvent is not favored. The molality of HCl ranged from 0.0048 to 0.1978 mol kg^-1.