Spectral variability from the patchy atmospheres of T and y dwarfs

Caroline V. Morley, Mark S. Marley, Jonathan J. Fortney, Roxana Lupu

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

51 Scopus citations

Abstract

Brown dwarfs of a variety of spectral types have been observed to be photometrically variable. Previous studies have focused on objects at the L/T transition, where the iron and silicate clouds in L dwarfs break up or dissipate. However, objects outside of this transitional effective temperature regime also exhibit variability. Here, we present models for mid-late T dwarfs and Y dwarfs. We present models that include patchy salt and sulfide clouds as well as water clouds for the Y dwarfs. We find that for objects over 375 K, patchy cloud opacity would generate the largest amplitude variability within near-infrared spectral windows. For objects under 375 K, water clouds also become important and generate larger amplitude variability in the mid-infrared. We also present models in which we perturb the temperature structure at different pressure levels of the atmosphere to simulate hot spots. These models show the most variability in the absorption features between spectral windows. The variability is strongest at wavelengths that probe pressure levels at which the heating is the strongest. The most illustrative types of observations for understanding the physical processes underlying brown dwarf variability are simultaneous, multi-wavelength observations that probe both inside and outside of molecular absorption features.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article numberL14
JournalAstrophysical Journal Letters
Volume789
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 1 2014
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • brown dwarfs
  • planets and satellites: atmospheres
  • stars: atmospheres

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
  • Space and Planetary Science

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