TY - JOUR
T1 - Source characterization of the San Juan (Argentina) crustal earthquakes of 15 January 1944 (Mw 7.0) and 11 June 1952 (Mw 6.8)
AU - Alvarado, Patricia
AU - Beck, Susan
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Jim Dewey, Keith Koper, Rick McKenzie, Tony Monfret, Luis Rivera, John Ebel, Victor Cruz and Brian Ferris, for helping us to obtain paper copies of the historic earthquakes. Maureen Aspreen from the International Seismological Centre (ISC) provided us useful historic documents. We also thank Alberto Sáez for helping us to obtain copies of old Argentinean newspapers. We are grateful to Carlos Costa for interesting discussions. We acknowledge Jim Dewey, and two anonymous reviewers for their critical reviews and suggestions to improve this paper. The material is based on work partially funded by NSF grant EAR-9811878 and awarded by LASPAU-University of Harvard under Lewis A. Tyler Trustees' Fund Award (2003), the National PERISHIP Dissertation Award (2004), and CHEVRON-TEXACO Summer Scholarships 2004 and 2005 to P. Alvarado.
PY - 2006/3/30
Y1 - 2006/3/30
N2 - The backarc region of the Andes in the vicinity of San Juan, Argentina, is one of the most seismically active fold and thrust belt regions in the world. Four large damaging crustal earthquakes (1894, 1944, 1952 and 1977) occurred during the last 111 yr between 30°S and 32°S. We have determined the source parameters for two of these important earthquakes, the 1944 and 1952 events, using historic seismic records. The earthquake on 15 January 1944 had an epicentral location between the eastern thin-skinned Precordillera fold and thrust belt and the thick-skinned Sierras Pampeanas basement-cored uplifts. The 11 June 1952 earthquake occurred in the eastern Precordillera about 35 km southwest of the 1944 epicenter location. The P-wave first motions, long-period teleseismic P waveform modeling, and SV/SH amplitude ratio indicate a thrust focal mechanism for the 1944 event (strike N45°E, dip 35° to the southeast, and rake 110deg;) with M0 3.01 × 10 19N m and Mw = 7.0. The 1952 earthquake focal mechanism solution indicates a more oblique mechanism (strike N40°E, dip 75° to the southeast, and rake 30°) with M0 = 2.20 × 1019 N m and Mw = 6.8. Both the 1944 and 1952 earthquakes have focal depths <12 km and simple source time functions with one pulse of moment release with durations of 10 s and 8 s, respectively. Both the shallow focal depth and the east-dipping fault plane in the focal mechanism solution for the 1944 earthquake are consistent with the parameters observed along the La Laja fault in the frontal part of the eastern Precordillera that generated a 6-8-km-long coseismic surface rupture. The 1952 earthquake focal mechanism solution and its shallow source depth suggest it is related to faults in the eastern Precordillera, but a particular fault association is difficult. The 1944 earthquake was clearly the most destructive event because its proximity to the most populated area in San Juan, large size and shallow focal depth.
AB - The backarc region of the Andes in the vicinity of San Juan, Argentina, is one of the most seismically active fold and thrust belt regions in the world. Four large damaging crustal earthquakes (1894, 1944, 1952 and 1977) occurred during the last 111 yr between 30°S and 32°S. We have determined the source parameters for two of these important earthquakes, the 1944 and 1952 events, using historic seismic records. The earthquake on 15 January 1944 had an epicentral location between the eastern thin-skinned Precordillera fold and thrust belt and the thick-skinned Sierras Pampeanas basement-cored uplifts. The 11 June 1952 earthquake occurred in the eastern Precordillera about 35 km southwest of the 1944 epicenter location. The P-wave first motions, long-period teleseismic P waveform modeling, and SV/SH amplitude ratio indicate a thrust focal mechanism for the 1944 event (strike N45°E, dip 35° to the southeast, and rake 110deg;) with M0 3.01 × 10 19N m and Mw = 7.0. The 1952 earthquake focal mechanism solution indicates a more oblique mechanism (strike N40°E, dip 75° to the southeast, and rake 30°) with M0 = 2.20 × 1019 N m and Mw = 6.8. Both the 1944 and 1952 earthquakes have focal depths <12 km and simple source time functions with one pulse of moment release with durations of 10 s and 8 s, respectively. Both the shallow focal depth and the east-dipping fault plane in the focal mechanism solution for the 1944 earthquake are consistent with the parameters observed along the La Laja fault in the frontal part of the eastern Precordillera that generated a 6-8-km-long coseismic surface rupture. The 1952 earthquake focal mechanism solution and its shallow source depth suggest it is related to faults in the eastern Precordillera, but a particular fault association is difficult. The 1944 earthquake was clearly the most destructive event because its proximity to the most populated area in San Juan, large size and shallow focal depth.
KW - Andean backarc crust
KW - Historical earthquake source
KW - Precordillera
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U2 - 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.015
DO - 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.015
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:33644904571
SN - 0012-821X
VL - 243
SP - 615
EP - 631
JO - Earth and Planetary Science Letters
JF - Earth and Planetary Science Letters
IS - 3-4
ER -