@article{f99f3cb95b274592baf2d5973bd78c57,
title = "Solar wind with Hydrogen Ion charge Exchange and Large-Scale Dynamics (SHIELD) DRIVE Science Center",
abstract = "Most stars generate winds and move through the interstellar medium that surrounds them. This movement creates a cocoon formed by the deflection of these winds that envelops and protects the stars. We call these “cocoons” astrospheres. The Sun has its own cocoon, the heliosphere. The heliosphere is an immense shield that protects the Solar System from harsh, galactic radiation. The radiation that enters the heliosphere affects life on Earth as well as human space exploration. Galactic cosmic rays are the dominant source of radiation and principal hazard affecting space missions within our Solar System. Current global heliosphere models do not successfully predict the radiation environment at all locations or under different solar conditions. To understand the heliosphere{\textquoteright}s shielding properties, we need to understand its structure and large-scale dynamics. A fortunate confluence of missions has provided the scientific community with a treasury of heliospheric data. However, fundamental features remain unknown. The vision of the Solar wind with Hydrogen Ion charge Exchange and Large-Scale Dynamics (SHIELD) DRIVE Science Center is to understand the nature and structure of the heliosphere. Through four integrated research thrusts leading to the global model, SHIELD will: 1) determine the global nature of the heliosphere; 2) determine how pickup ions evolve from “cradle to grave” and affect heliospheric processes; 3) establish how the heliosphere interacts with and influences the Local Interstellar Medium (LISM); and 4) establish how cosmic rays are filtered by and transported through the heliosphere. The key deliverable is a comprehensive, self-consistent, global model of the heliosphere that explains data from all relevant in situ and remote observations and predicts the radiation environment. SHIELD will develop a “digital twin” of the heliosphere capable of: (a) predicting how changing solar and LISM conditions affect life on Earth, (b) understanding the radiation environment to support long-duration space travel, and (c) contributing toward finding life elsewhere in the Galaxy. SHIELD also will train the next-generation of heliophysicists, a diverse community fluent in team science and skilled working in highly transdisciplinary collaborative environments.",
keywords = "galactic cosmic ray (GCR), heliosphere, interstellar medium, magnetic field, solar wind, space physics",
author = "Merav Opher and John Richardson and Gary Zank and Vladimir Florinski and Joe Giacalone and Sok{\'o}{\l}, {Justyna M.} and Gabor Toth and Sanlyn Buxner and Marc Kornbleuth and Matina Gkioulidou and Romina Nikoukar and {Van der Holst}, Bart and Drew Turner and Nicholas Gross and James Drake and Marc Swisdak and Kostas Dialynas and Maher Dayeh and Yuxi Chen and Bertalan Zieger and Erick Powell and Chika Onubogu and Xiaohan Ma and Ethan Bair and Heather Elliott and Andre Galli and Lingling Zhao and Laxman Adhikari and Masaru Nakanotani and Hill, {Matthew E.} and Parisa Mostafavi and Senbei Du and Fan Guo and Daniel Reisenfeld and Stephen Fuselier and Vladislav Izmodenov and Igor Baliukin and Alan Cummings and Jesse Miller and Bingbing Wang and Keyvan Ghanbari and Jozsef Kota and Abraham Loeb and Juditra Burgess and Hokanson, {Sarah Chobot} and Cherilyn Morrow and Adam Hong and Andrea Boldon",
note = "Funding Information: This work is supported by NASA grant 18-DRIVE18_2-0029 as part of the NASA/DRIVE program titled “Our Heliospheric Shield”, 80NSSC22M0164, https://shielddrivecenter.com . Some of the figures were produced by AH, Graphic Designer, adamhong.com . Funding Information: Oversight: Active oversight has and will continue to ensure effective operations and management. The External Advisory Board (EAB), a Postdoc and Student Advisory Board (PSAB), and a Sustainability Board (SB) ensure effective oversight, operation and management. EAB: The EAB provides guidance and oversight with regard to vision, scientific direction and strategy, project execution and progress, conflict resolution, risk mitigation, and sustainability. It meets yearly to review SHIELD; findings are documented in an annual report. Board members also meet with the CD and PM as needed. Members are: Ralph McNutt (Chair), Chief Scientist, Space Science, Space Exploration Sector, JHU/APL; Jeffrey Hughes, Professor of Astronomy, BU; Mae Jemison, PI, 100 Year Starship; Janet Luhmann, Senior Fellow, Space Sciences Laboratory PI, IMPACT, SSL/UC-Berkeley; Sara Seager, Class of 1941 Professor of Physics and Planetary Science, MIT; Alan Stern, Associate VP, Space Science and Engineering Division, SwRI; PI, New Horizons; and Janet Vertesi, Associate Professor of Sociology, Princeton U. PSAB: The PSAB will be formed from SHIELD postdocs and students. SHIELD will support 5 postdoctoral fellows (1 at BU 1 at UAH, 1 at SwRI, 1 at UA, and a SHIELD postdoc, funded by CERIF, to be competed for by the SHIELD institutions). The co-Is and Directors will nominate 1-2 PhD students to serve on the PSAB, which will meet quarterly with the EC to provide input and suggestions on strategy, mentoring, professional development, and Center communications, supporting SHIELD{\textquoteright}s reverse mentoring () goals (, Mentoring). The PSAB will elect its own chairperson; each will serve a one-year term to allow multiple postdocs and students to develop leadership skills. Assignments will be for 2 years, assuring continuity. The PSAB will present to the EAB during its annual meeting. SB: The Sustainability Board will advise SHIELD in formalizing and launching the Center{\textquoteright}s sustainability initiative, the Institute for Habitable Astrospheres (IHA). The IHA, using SHIELD{\textquoteright}s global model, will support convergent research focused on the origin of life that can be solved by combining expertise in radiation, biology, chemistry, and heliophysics. A one-day workshop will kickstart the IHA. The Board is composed of Avi Loeb (Harvard), Sara Seager (MIT) (co-directors of IHA), Alan Stern, and Ralph McNutt. The SB will meet with the CD, PM, and DDs annually. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2023 Opher, Richardson, Zank, Florinski, Giacalone, Sok{\'o}{\l}, Toth, Buxner, Kornbleuth, Gkioulidou, Nikoukar, Van der Holst, Turner, Gross, Drake, Swisdak, Dialynas, Dayeh, Chen, Zieger, Powell, Onubogu, Ma, Bair, Elliott, Galli, Zhao, Adhikari, Nakanotani, Hill, Mostafavi, Du, Guo, Reisenfeld, Fuselier, Izmodenov, Baliukin, Cummings, Miller, Wang, Ghanbari, Kota, Loeb, Burgess, Hokanson, Morrow, Hong and Boldon.",
year = "2023",
doi = "10.3389/fspas.2023.1143909",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "10",
journal = "Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences",
issn = "2296-987X",
publisher = "Frontiers Media S. A.",
}