TY - JOUR
T1 - Smartphone confocal microscopy for imaging cellular structures in human skin in vivo
AU - Freeman, Esther E.
AU - Semeere, Aggrey
AU - Osman, Hany
AU - Peterson, Gary
AU - Rajadhyaksha, Milind
AU - González, Salvador
AU - Martin, Jeffery N.
AU - Rox Anderson, R.
AU - Tearney, Guillermo J.
AU - Kang, Dongkyun
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by National Institute of Health/Fogarty International Center (Grant # R21TW010221). The contributions of co-authors (MR and GP) were partly supported by MSKCC's NCI core center grant P30CA008748.
Funding Information:
National Institute of Health/Fogarty International Center (R21TW010221); National Cancer Institute (P30CA008748).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Optical Society of America.
PY - 2018/4/1
Y1 - 2018/4/1
N2 - We report development of a low-cost smartphone confocal microscope and its first demonstration of in vivo human skin imaging. The smartphone confocal microscope uses a slit aperture and diffraction grating to conduct two-dimensional confocal imaging without using any beam scanning devices. Lateral and axial resolutions of the smartphone confocal microscope were measured as 2 and 5 µm, respectively. In vivo confocal images of human skin revealed characteristic cellular structures, including spinous and basal keratinocytes and papillary dermis. Results suggest that the smartphone confocal microscope has a potential to examine cellular details in vivo and may help disease diagnosis in resource-poor settings, where conducting standard histopathologic analysis is challenging.
AB - We report development of a low-cost smartphone confocal microscope and its first demonstration of in vivo human skin imaging. The smartphone confocal microscope uses a slit aperture and diffraction grating to conduct two-dimensional confocal imaging without using any beam scanning devices. Lateral and axial resolutions of the smartphone confocal microscope were measured as 2 and 5 µm, respectively. In vivo confocal images of human skin revealed characteristic cellular structures, including spinous and basal keratinocytes and papillary dermis. Results suggest that the smartphone confocal microscope has a potential to examine cellular details in vivo and may help disease diagnosis in resource-poor settings, where conducting standard histopathologic analysis is challenging.
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U2 - 10.1364/BOE.9.001906
DO - 10.1364/BOE.9.001906
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85044944281
VL - 9
SP - 1906
EP - 1915
JO - Biomedical Optics Express
JF - Biomedical Optics Express
SN - 2156-7085
IS - 4
M1 - #319893
ER -