@article{3cf195cc68f741518b507c9d44188793,
title = "Slot-Die-Coated Ternary Organic Photovoltaics for Indoor Light Recycling",
abstract = "Efficient organic photovoltaics (OPVs) based on slot-die-coated (SD) ternary blends were developed for low-intensity indoor light harvesting. For active layers processed in air and from eco-friendly solvents, our device performances (under 1 sun and low light intensity) are the highest reported values for fluoro-dithiophenyl-benzothiadiazole donor polymer-based OPVs. The N-annulated perylene diimide dimer acceptor was incorporated into a blend of donor polymer (FBT) and fullerene acceptor (PC61BM) to give ternary bulk heterojunction blends. SD ternary-based devices under 1 sun illumination showed enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 6.8 to 7.7%. We observed enhancement in the short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage of the devices. Under low light intensity light-emitting device illumination (ca. 2000 lux), the ternary-based devices achieved a PCE of 14.0% and a maximum power density of 79 μW/cm2 compared to a PCE of 12.0% and a maximum power density of 68 μW/cm2 for binary-based devices. Under the same illumination conditions, the spin-coated (SC) devices showed a PCE of 15.5% and a maximum power density of 88 μW/cm2. Collectively, these results demonstrate the exceptional promise of a SD ternary blend system for indoor light harvesting and the need to optimize active layers based on industry-relevant coating approaches toward mini modules. ",
keywords = "PPDT2FBT, halogen-free processing, indoor light harvesting, organic photovoltaics, perylene diimide, slot-die coating",
author = "Farahat, {Mahmoud E.} and Audrey Laventure and Anderson, {Michael A.} and Mathieu Mainville and Francesco Tintori and Mario Leclerc and Ratcliff, {Erin L.} and Welch, {Gregory C.}",
note = "Funding Information: G.C.W. acknowledges the Canada Research Chairs Program, CFI JELF (34102), NSERC Engage Plus (537557-18), and the University of Calgary. Brilliant Matters is thanked for materials{\textquoteright} donation and financial support. All authors acknowledge and thank Dr. Sergey Dayneko for the help provided in calculations and calibration of the indoor testing equipment and Edward Cieplechowicz for the synthesis of tPDIN-EH. Dr. Philippe Berrouard, Dr. Fran{\c c}ois Grenier, and Dr. Jean-R{\'e}mi Pouliot from Brilliant Matters (QC, Canada) are thanked for helpful discussions and Dr. Jonas Bergqvist and Dr. Thomas {\"O}sterberg from Epishine (Sweden) for discussion and insight on testing OPVs under LED light. This research was undertaken thanks in part to funding from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund (CFREF). A.L. acknowledges NSERC for a postdoctoral fellowship. M.L. also thanks NSERC for supporting this work. A portion of this work is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant award DMR-1608289. M.A.A. was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant award DGE-1735173. Use of the SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under contract no. DE-AC02-76SF00515. 2 Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2020 American Chemical Society.",
year = "2020",
month = sep,
day = "30",
doi = "10.1021/acsami.0c11809",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "12",
pages = "43684--43693",
journal = "ACS applied materials & interfaces",
issn = "1944-8244",
publisher = "American Chemical Society",
number = "39",
}