TY - JOUR
T1 - Sleep and obesity
T2 - A focus on animal models
AU - Mavanji, Vijayakumar
AU - Billington, Charles J.
AU - M. Kotz, Catherine
AU - Teske, Jennifer A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding for this publication was provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs CDA-2 F7212W (to JAT); NIH R01DK078985 (to CMK), NIH P30 DK050456 (to CJB) and NIH T32DK083250 (to CJB, CMK and VM) from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases ; and a grant from the Obesity Society (to JAT). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Department of Veterans Affairs, The National Institutes of Health or The Obesity Society.
PY - 2012/3
Y1 - 2012/3
N2 - The rapid rise in obesity prevalence in the modern world parallels a significant reduction in restorative sleep (. Agras et al., 2004; Dixon et al., 2007, 2001; Gangwisch and Heymsfield, 2004; Gupta et al., 2002; Sekine et al., 2002; Vioque et al., 2000; Wolk et al., 2003). Reduced sleep time and quality increases the risk for obesity, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear (. Gangwisch et al., 2005; Hicks et al., 1986; Imaki et al., 2002; Jennings et al., 2007; Moreno et al., 2006). A majority of the theories linking human sleep disturbances and obesity rely on self-reported sleep. However, studies with objective measurements of sleep/wake parameters suggest a U-shaped relationship between sleep and obesity. Studies in animal models are needed to improve our understanding of the association between sleep disturbances and obesity. Genetic and experimenter-induced models mimicking characteristics of human obesity are now available and these animal models will be useful in understanding whether sleep disturbances determine propensity for obesity, or result from obesity. These models exhibit weight gain profiles consistently different from control animals. Thus a careful evaluation of animal models will provide insight into the relationship between sleep disturbances and obesity in humans.In this review we first briefly consider the fundamentals of sleep and key sleep disturbances, such as sleep fragmentation and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), observed in obese individuals. Then we consider sleep deprivation studies and the role of circadian alterations in obesity. We describe sleep/wake changes in various rodent models of obesity and obesity resistance. Finally, we discuss possible mechanisms linking sleep disturbances with obesity.
AB - The rapid rise in obesity prevalence in the modern world parallels a significant reduction in restorative sleep (. Agras et al., 2004; Dixon et al., 2007, 2001; Gangwisch and Heymsfield, 2004; Gupta et al., 2002; Sekine et al., 2002; Vioque et al., 2000; Wolk et al., 2003). Reduced sleep time and quality increases the risk for obesity, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear (. Gangwisch et al., 2005; Hicks et al., 1986; Imaki et al., 2002; Jennings et al., 2007; Moreno et al., 2006). A majority of the theories linking human sleep disturbances and obesity rely on self-reported sleep. However, studies with objective measurements of sleep/wake parameters suggest a U-shaped relationship between sleep and obesity. Studies in animal models are needed to improve our understanding of the association between sleep disturbances and obesity. Genetic and experimenter-induced models mimicking characteristics of human obesity are now available and these animal models will be useful in understanding whether sleep disturbances determine propensity for obesity, or result from obesity. These models exhibit weight gain profiles consistently different from control animals. Thus a careful evaluation of animal models will provide insight into the relationship between sleep disturbances and obesity in humans.In this review we first briefly consider the fundamentals of sleep and key sleep disturbances, such as sleep fragmentation and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), observed in obese individuals. Then we consider sleep deprivation studies and the role of circadian alterations in obesity. We describe sleep/wake changes in various rodent models of obesity and obesity resistance. Finally, we discuss possible mechanisms linking sleep disturbances with obesity.
KW - Animal models
KW - Circadian clock
KW - EDS
KW - Obesity
KW - REM sleep
KW - SWS-delta power
KW - Sleep
KW - Sleep fragmentation
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U2 - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.01.001
DO - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.01.001
M3 - Review article
C2 - 22266350
AN - SCOPUS:84856355236
SN - 0149-7634
VL - 36
SP - 1015
EP - 1029
JO - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
JF - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
IS - 3
ER -