TY - JOUR
T1 - Size-resolved characteristics of water-soluble particulate elements in a coastal area
T2 - Source identification, influence of wildfires, and diurnal variability
AU - Ma, Lin
AU - Dadashazar, Hossein
AU - Braun, Rachel A.
AU - MacDonald, Alexander B.
AU - Aghdam, Mojtaba Azadi
AU - Maudlin, Lindsay C.
AU - Sorooshian, Armin
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by Office of Naval Research grants N00014-10-1-0811 and N00014-16-1-2567 . We gratefully acknowledge the support of Dr. Shane Snyder's Laboratory at the University of Arizona , who is supported in part by Agilent Technologies . A. B. MacDonald acknowledges support from the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT) . R.A. Braun acknowledges support from the ARCS Foundation .
Funding Information:
This work was funded by Office of Naval Research grants N00014-10-1-0811 and N00014-16-1-2567. We gratefully acknowledge the support of Dr. Shane Snyder's Laboratory at the University of Arizona, who is supported in part by Agilent Technologies. A. B. MacDonald acknowledges support from the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT). R.A. Braun acknowledges support from the ARCS Foundation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2019/6/1
Y1 - 2019/6/1
N2 - Size-resolved elemental measurements were conducted for the water-soluble fraction of particulate matter at a central California coastal city, Marina, during two separate summertime field campaigns: the Nucleation in California Experiment (NiCE) in 2013 and the Fog and Stratocumulus Evolution (FASE) campaign in 2016. Two Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactors (MOUDIs) were used to quantify mass size distributions of 29 elements and a Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model revealed six characteristic sources during the measurement periods: (i) Crustal Emissions (3.9% of total mass), (ii) Secondary Aerosol (24.4%), (iii) Biomass Burning (13.1%), (iv) Waste Facilities (8.7%), (v) Vehicular Emissions (4.4%), and (vi) Marine Emissions (45.4%). Characteristic elements from each of these sources included the following: (i) Crustal Emissions (Fe, Al, Ti, Pt), (ii) Secondary Aerosol (Zn, As, Rb, K, Cu, V), (iii) Biomass Burning (Rb, K, Cu, Pt), (iv) Waste Facilities (Ag, Cd, Ni, Al), (v) Vehicular Emissions (Zn, Zr, V, Mn), and (vi) Marine Emissions (Na, Sr, V, Mn). Temporally-resolved results revealed higher PM levels associated with Vehicular Emissions (day/night mass concentration ratio = 31.3), Crustal Emissions (day/night = 20.0), and Secondary Aerosol (day/night = 27.2) during the day compared to night due to some combination of more daytime anthropogenic activity, wind speed/directional factors, and photochemistry. The Marine Emissions factor exhibited a day/night concentration ratio of exactly 1.0. Mass size distributions revealed characteristic peaks in four diameter ranges: 0.1–0.18 μm, 0.32–0.56 μm, 1.0–1.8 μm, and 3.2–5.6 μm. The number of modes varied depending on the species and degree of wildfire influence, with additional differences observed between the NiCE and FASE wildfire periods.
AB - Size-resolved elemental measurements were conducted for the water-soluble fraction of particulate matter at a central California coastal city, Marina, during two separate summertime field campaigns: the Nucleation in California Experiment (NiCE) in 2013 and the Fog and Stratocumulus Evolution (FASE) campaign in 2016. Two Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactors (MOUDIs) were used to quantify mass size distributions of 29 elements and a Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model revealed six characteristic sources during the measurement periods: (i) Crustal Emissions (3.9% of total mass), (ii) Secondary Aerosol (24.4%), (iii) Biomass Burning (13.1%), (iv) Waste Facilities (8.7%), (v) Vehicular Emissions (4.4%), and (vi) Marine Emissions (45.4%). Characteristic elements from each of these sources included the following: (i) Crustal Emissions (Fe, Al, Ti, Pt), (ii) Secondary Aerosol (Zn, As, Rb, K, Cu, V), (iii) Biomass Burning (Rb, K, Cu, Pt), (iv) Waste Facilities (Ag, Cd, Ni, Al), (v) Vehicular Emissions (Zn, Zr, V, Mn), and (vi) Marine Emissions (Na, Sr, V, Mn). Temporally-resolved results revealed higher PM levels associated with Vehicular Emissions (day/night mass concentration ratio = 31.3), Crustal Emissions (day/night = 20.0), and Secondary Aerosol (day/night = 27.2) during the day compared to night due to some combination of more daytime anthropogenic activity, wind speed/directional factors, and photochemistry. The Marine Emissions factor exhibited a day/night concentration ratio of exactly 1.0. Mass size distributions revealed characteristic peaks in four diameter ranges: 0.1–0.18 μm, 0.32–0.56 μm, 1.0–1.8 μm, and 3.2–5.6 μm. The number of modes varied depending on the species and degree of wildfire influence, with additional differences observed between the NiCE and FASE wildfire periods.
KW - Aerosol
KW - California
KW - MOUDI
KW - PMF
KW - Sea salt
KW - Wildfire
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U2 - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.02.045
DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.02.045
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85062848801
VL - 206
SP - 72
EP - 84
JO - Atmospheric Environment
JF - Atmospheric Environment
SN - 1352-2310
ER -