Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine

Franck Mauvais-Jarvis; Noel Bairey Merz; Peter J. Barnes; Roberta D. Brinton; Juan Jesus Carrero; Dawn L. DeMeo; Geert J. De Vries; C. Neill Epperson; Ramaswamy Govindan; Sabra L. Klein; Amedeo Lonardo; Pauline M. Maki; Louise D. McCullough; Vera Regitz-Zagrosek; Judith G. Regensteiner; Joshua B. Rubin; Kathryn Sandberg; Ayako Suzuki

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31561-0

Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine

Franck Mauvais-Jarvis, Noel Bairey Merz, Peter J. Barnes, Roberta D. Brinton, Juan Jesus Carrero, Dawn L. DeMeo, Geert J. De Vries, C. Neill Epperson, Ramaswamy Govindan, Sabra L. Klein, Amedeo Lonardo, Pauline M. Maki, Louise D. McCullough, Vera Regitz-Zagrosek, Judith G. Regensteiner, Joshua B. Rubin, Kathryn Sandberg, Ayako Suzuki

Pharmacology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

1051 Scopus citations

Abstract

Clinicians can encounter sex and gender disparities in diagnostic and therapeutic responses. These disparities are noted in epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, disease progression, and response to treatment. This Review discusses the fundamental influences of sex and gender as modifiers of the major causes of death and morbidity. We articulate how the genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal influences of biological sex influence physiology and disease, and how the social constructs of gender affect the behaviour of the community, clinicians, and patients in the health-care system and interact with pathobiology. We aim to guide clinicians and researchers to consider sex and gender in their approach to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases as a necessary and fundamental step towards precision medicine, which will benefit men's and women's health.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	565-582
Number of pages	18
Journal	The Lancet
Volume	396
Issue number	10250
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31561-0
State	Published - Aug 22 2020

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Medicine

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Mauvais-Jarvis, F., Bairey Merz, N., Barnes, P. J., Brinton, R. D., Carrero, J. J., DeMeo, D. L., De Vries, G. J., Epperson, C. N., Govindan, R., Klein, S. L., Lonardo, A., Maki, P. M., McCullough, L. D., Regitz-Zagrosek, V., Regensteiner, J. G., Rubin, J. B., Sandberg, K., & Suzuki, A. (2020). Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine. The Lancet, 396(10250), 565-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31561-0

Mauvais-Jarvis, F, Bairey Merz, N, Barnes, PJ, Brinton, RD, Carrero, JJ, DeMeo, DL, De Vries, GJ, Epperson, CN, Govindan, R, Klein, SL, Lonardo, A, Maki, PM, McCullough, LD, Regitz-Zagrosek, V, Regensteiner, JG, Rubin, JB, Sandberg, K & Suzuki, A 2020, 'Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine', The Lancet, vol. 396, no. 10250, pp. 565-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31561-0

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abstract = "Clinicians can encounter sex and gender disparities in diagnostic and therapeutic responses. These disparities are noted in epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, disease progression, and response to treatment. This Review discusses the fundamental influences of sex and gender as modifiers of the major causes of death and morbidity. We articulate how the genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal influences of biological sex influence physiology and disease, and how the social constructs of gender affect the behaviour of the community, clinicians, and patients in the health-care system and interact with pathobiology. We aim to guide clinicians and researchers to consider sex and gender in their approach to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases as a necessary and fundamental step towards precision medicine, which will benefit men's and women's health.",

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AU - Carrero, Juan Jesus

AU - DeMeo, Dawn L.

AU - De Vries, Geert J.

AU - Epperson, C. Neill

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AU - Lonardo, Amedeo

AU - Maki, Pauline M.

AU - McCullough, Louise D.

AU - Regitz-Zagrosek, Vera

AU - Regensteiner, Judith G.

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AU - Sandberg, Kathryn

AU - Suzuki, Ayako

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AB - Clinicians can encounter sex and gender disparities in diagnostic and therapeutic responses. These disparities are noted in epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, disease progression, and response to treatment. This Review discusses the fundamental influences of sex and gender as modifiers of the major causes of death and morbidity. We articulate how the genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal influences of biological sex influence physiology and disease, and how the social constructs of gender affect the behaviour of the community, clinicians, and patients in the health-care system and interact with pathobiology. We aim to guide clinicians and researchers to consider sex and gender in their approach to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases as a necessary and fundamental step towards precision medicine, which will benefit men's and women's health.

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Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine

Abstract

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