@article{d6bd45b5d7fa43e7bfb63456ea4f260a,
title = "Seasonal fluxes of carbonyl sulfide in a midlatitude forest",
abstract = "Carbonyl sulfide (OCS), the most abundant sulfur gas in the atmosphere, has a summer minimum associated with uptake by vegetation and soils, closely correlated with CO2 . We report the first direct measurements to our knowledge of the ecosystem flux of OCS throughout an annual cycle, at a mixed temperate forest. The forest took up OCS during most of the growing season with an overall uptake of 1.36 ± 0.01 mol OCS per ha (43.5 ± 0.5 g S per ha, 95% confidence intervals) for the year. Daytime fluxes accounted for 72% of total uptake. Both soils and incompletely closed stomata in the canopy contributed to nighttime fluxes. Unexpected net OCS emission occurred during the warmest weeks in summer. Many requirements necessary to use fluxes of OCS as a simple estimate of photosynthesis were not met because OCS fluxes did not have a constant relationship with photosynthesis throughout an entire day or over the entire year. However, OCS fluxes provide a direct measure of ecosystem-scale stomatal conductance and mesophyll function, without relying on measures of soil evaporation or leaf temperature, and reveal previously unseen heterogeneity of forest canopy processes. Observations of OCS flux provide powerful, independent means to test and refine land surface and carbon cycle models at the ecosystem scale.",
keywords = "Carbon cycle, Carbonyl sulfide, Stomatal conductance, Sulfur cycle",
author = "R{\'o}is{\'i}n Commane and Meredith, {Laura K.} and Baker, {Ian T.} and Berry, {Joseph A.} and Munger, {J. William} and Montzka, {Stephen A.} and Templer, {Pamela H.} and Juice, {Stephanie M.} and Zahniser, {Mark S.} and Wofsy, {Steven C.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Mark Vanscoy for help with the long-term operation of the instrument at Harvard Forest and flask sampling, Carolina Siso for analysis at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Brad Hall for OCS standardization at NOAA, Ryan McGovern at Aerodyne for instrumental repairs, and Richard Wehr for helpful discussion. The instrument was developed and deployed as part of US Department of Energy (DOE) Small Business Innovation Research DE-SC0001801. Funding for flask analysis was provided in part by NOAA Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate (AC4) Program. EMS tower and CO2 flux measurements are a component of the Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research site supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and additionally by the Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research), DOE. P.H.T. was supported by a Charles Bullard fellowship at Harvard University during the writing of this manuscript. I.T.B. was sponsored by the NSF Science and Technology Center for Multi-scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes, managed by Colorado State University under Cooperative Agreement ATM-0425247 Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank Mark Vanscoy for help with the long-term operation of the instrument at Harvard Forest and flask sampling, Carolina Siso for analysis at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Brad Hall for OCS standardization at NOAA, Ryan McGovern at Aerodyne for instrumental repairs, and Richard Wehr for helpful discussion. The instrument was developed and deployed as part of US Department of Energy (DOE) Small Business Innovation Research DE-SC0001801. Funding for flask analysis was provided in part by NOAA Climate Program Office{\textquoteright}s Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate (AC4) Program. EMS tower and CO2 flux measurements are a component of the Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological",
year = "2015",
month = nov,
day = "17",
doi = "10.1073/pnas.1504131112",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "112",
pages = "14162--14167",
journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
issn = "0027-8424",
publisher = "National Academy of Sciences",
number = "46",
}