Repeating Earthquakes at the Edge of the Afterslip of the 2016 Ecuadorian M_W 7.8 Pedernales Earthquake

Repeating earthquakes repeatedly rupture the same seismic asperity and are strongly linked to aseismic slip. Here, we study the repeating aftershocks of the April 16, 2016 M_W 7.8 Pedernales earthquake in Ecuador, which generated a large amount of afterslip. Using temporary and permanent stations, we correlate waveforms from a one-year catalog of aftershocks. We sort events with a minimum correlation coefficient of 0.95 into preliminary families, which are then expanded using template-matching to include events from April 2015 to June 2017. In total, 376 repeaters are classified into 62 families of 4–15 events. They are relocated, first using manual picks, and then using a double difference method. We find repeating earthquakes during the whole period, occurring primarily within large aftershock clusters on the edges of the areas of largest afterslip release. Their recurrence times, shortened by the mainshock, subsequently increase following an Omori-type law, providing a timeframe for the afterslip's deceleration. Although they are linked temporally to the afterslip, repeater-derived estimates of slip differ significantly from GPS-based models. Combined with the fact that repeaters appear more spatially correlated with the afterslip gradient than with the afterslip maxima, we suggest that stress accumulation at the edge of the afterslip may guide repeater behavior.