TY - JOUR
T1 - Relative abundance and treatment reduction of viruses during wastewater treatment processes - Identification of potential viral indicators
AU - Kitajima, Masaaki
AU - Iker, Brandon C.
AU - Pepper, Ian L.
AU - Gerba, Charles P.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Dr. Kelly Reynolds and Mr. Andri Rachmadi at the University of Arizona for her/his laboratory contributions and technical assistance and two anonymous wastewater treatment plants in southern Arizona for providing wastewater samples and E. coli data. This study was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Water and Environmental Technology (WET) Center, The University of Arizona . We also wish to acknowledge the support of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) to Masaaki Kitajima, under JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad (FY 2011 no. 517). Appendix A
PY - 2014/8/1
Y1 - 2014/8/1
N2 - Waterborne pathogenic viruses discharged from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) pose potential public health risks. In the present study, we investigated the relative abundance, occurrence, and reduction of eleven different viruses at two WWTPs in southern Arizona over a 12-month period, from August 2011 to July 2012. Influent and effluent samples from the two WWTPs were collected monthly. Viruses were concentrated using an electronegative filter method and quantified using TaqMan-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays for each of the virus types (i.e., genogroup I, II and IV noroviruses, sapovirus, enterovirus, group A rotavirus, Aichi virus, pepper mild mottle virus, adenovirus, and JC and BK polyomaviruses), with murine norovirus internal control for the monitoring of extraction-RT-qPCR efficiencies. The pepper mild mottle virus, a plant virus, was found to be the most prevalent virus in both influent and effluent wastewater (annual mean concentration of 3.7-4.4×106copies/L and 4.6-6.3×105 copies/L in influent and effluent wastewater, respectively), showing a low reduction by the treatment processes (0.76-0.99 annual mean log10 reduction), and no significant seasonal change in concentration. Aichi virus, a human enteric virus, was also found in greater abundance, and showed lower reduction during wastewater treatment than other human enteric viruses. Our results suggest that these viruses could be used as potential indicators of wastewater reclamation system performance, with respect to virus occurrence and removal.
AB - Waterborne pathogenic viruses discharged from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) pose potential public health risks. In the present study, we investigated the relative abundance, occurrence, and reduction of eleven different viruses at two WWTPs in southern Arizona over a 12-month period, from August 2011 to July 2012. Influent and effluent samples from the two WWTPs were collected monthly. Viruses were concentrated using an electronegative filter method and quantified using TaqMan-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays for each of the virus types (i.e., genogroup I, II and IV noroviruses, sapovirus, enterovirus, group A rotavirus, Aichi virus, pepper mild mottle virus, adenovirus, and JC and BK polyomaviruses), with murine norovirus internal control for the monitoring of extraction-RT-qPCR efficiencies. The pepper mild mottle virus, a plant virus, was found to be the most prevalent virus in both influent and effluent wastewater (annual mean concentration of 3.7-4.4×106copies/L and 4.6-6.3×105 copies/L in influent and effluent wastewater, respectively), showing a low reduction by the treatment processes (0.76-0.99 annual mean log10 reduction), and no significant seasonal change in concentration. Aichi virus, a human enteric virus, was also found in greater abundance, and showed lower reduction during wastewater treatment than other human enteric viruses. Our results suggest that these viruses could be used as potential indicators of wastewater reclamation system performance, with respect to virus occurrence and removal.
KW - Indicators
KW - Quantitative PCR
KW - Seasonal occurrence
KW - Treatment
KW - Viruses
KW - Wastewater
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U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.087
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.087
M3 - Article
C2 - 24836386
AN - SCOPUS:84900558518
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 488-489
SP - 290
EP - 296
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
IS - 1
ER -